ch2.pdf

CHAPTER 2

TRAINING

This chapter discusses the trainer’s role in teaching and sustaining effective

hand-to-hand combat. It also discusses unit training training areas, teaching

techniques, and safety precautions that must be considered before conducting

combatives training.

Section I

TRAIN THE TRAINER

Professional instruction is the key to success in combative training.

Instructors must be physically fit and highly proficient in the

demonstration and practical application of the skills described in this

manual. Confidence, enthusiasm, and technical expertise are

essential for success in teaching hand-to-hand combat. Assistant

instructors must also be properly trained to help supervise and

demonstrate maneuvers. Highly trained assistant instructors under

supervision may also provide supplementary combative training

during off-duty hours.

2-1. IMPORTANCE OF SKILLED TRAINERS

Diligent effort is needed to perfect the various hand-to-hand combat

techniques, to apply them instinctively, and to teach others to safely master

them. The following instructor responsibilities are the core of planning and

executing combative training.

a. Seek maximum efficiency with minimum effort. Continually strive to

reduce all unnecessary explanations, movement, and activity. Streamline the

training without compromising content, efficiency, or safety.

b. Stress cooperation and technical mastery. Minimize hostile behavior

but promote aggressiveness and power.

c. Reinforce the details of each technique, and provide positive feedback

when warranted. Use occasional humor to motivate soldiers, but avoid

degrading or insulting them.

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FM 21-150

d. Ensure serviceable training aids are present to use in sufficient

quantities for all soldiers being trained. Ensure training areas are well

maintained and free from dangerous obstructions.

e. Ensure instructors and assistant instructors are well rehearsed and

prepared before all training sessions. Conduct instructor training at least five

hours weekly to maintain a high skill level.

f. Develop as many skilled combative instructors for each unit as

possible. Instructor-to-soldier ratios should not be less than 1 instructor for

20 soldiers. Encourage after-duty training and education for instructors.

g. Require strict discipline of all soldiers.

2-2. SAFETY PRECAUTIONS

To prevent injuries, the instructor must consider the following safety

precautions before conducting combative training.

a. Supervise all practical work closely and constantly. Never leave a

group unsupervised.

b. Familiarize the soldiers with each maneuver by a complete explanation

and demonstration before they try the moves.

c. Do not allow the soldiers to get ahead of the instruction.

d. Ensure the training partner offers no resistance, but allows the

maneuver to be freely executed during the learning stages and while

perfecting the techniques.

e. Ensure there is adequate space between soldiers during all practical

work—for example, allow at least an 8-foot square for each pair of soldiers.

f. Ensure that soldiers empty their pockets, and remove their jewelry,

identification tags, and glasses before training.

g. Stress that only simulated strikes to vital points, such as the head, neck,

and groin area, are executed. Soldiers may use light blows to other vulnerable

areas; however, they must exercise caution at all times.

h. Establish a signal to indicate to the partner when to stop the pressure

in grappling and choking techniques. Two handclaps or tapping the training

partner with a free hand are examples.

i. Make sure soldiers warmup and stretch properly before practical work.

j. Teach and practice falls before conducting throws.

k. Ensure protective eye wear is available when executing training with

practice bayonets, knives, or any sharp weapons.

l. Ensure that the soldier to be disarmed does not place his finger in

the trigger guard during rifle and bayonet disarming.

m. Make sure soldiers keep scabbards on knives and bayonets firmly

attached to rifles while learning bayonet disarming methods.

n. Use bayonet scabbards or rubber knives during knife disarming training.

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FM 21-150

0. Inspect all sandbags on retaining walls before conduct of instruction so

that all bags are serviceable with at least 75 percent fill and that entire retainer

wall is covered with sandbags. Any bag placed where personnel are likely to fall

will be filled with the same consistency filler as the sawdust in the pit and will also

provide a minimum of 6 inches of sawdust.

p. Maintain a buffer zone of 6 feet from retainer wall and demonstration area

during all training, especially training requiring throws and takedowns by students.

q. Rake the training pit to loosen sawdust and remove all sharp objects.

Properly inspect the pit so that all safety hazards are removed before

instruction/demonstrations are executed.

r. Perform inspections on training pits two days before use to ensure that

there is at least 6 inches of sawdust throughout the training pit area. This will

allow time to acquire sawdust to resurface pit area if there is not 6 inches of

surface sawdust.

Section II

UNIT TRAINING

Although combative are not likely to become part of a unit’s

mission-essential task list, commanders cannot overlook the

importance of soldiers’ skills in hand-to-hand combat. Hand-to-hand

fighting is a possibility in any conflict, and a basic proficiency in

combative may save soldiers’ lives. Entry-level soldiers receive a

training base in combative during basic training and in OSUT.

Advanced individual training commanders should consider using

hand-to-hand combat as part of the physical training program. They

should review the training presented during basic training and, as time

permits, expand into the more advanced techniques discussed in this

field manual. Regular units must incorporate combative into an

organized training program for soldiers to achieve and sustain

proficiency levels.

CAUTION

WHEN PLANNING COMBATIVES TRAINING,

INSTRUCTORS MUST TAKE PRECAUTIONS ACCORDING

TO THE TIME OF DAY SEASON, AND ACCLIMATIZATION

OF SOLDIERS. THEY MUST ALSO CONSIDER

MODIFICATION OF THE UNIFORM, BREAK TIMES, AND OR

THE AVAILABILITY OF WATER.

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FM 21-150

2-3. BASIC OR ONE-STATION UNIT TRAINING

Combative training in the basic or one-station unit training program is based on

10 hours of available training time, divided into five periods of 2 hours each. The

following is a suggested POI for introductory-level combative training.

a. Period 1 - 2 Hours.

(1) Introduction to combatives—safety.

(2) Combat demonstration performed by instructors or trainers to gain

attention and to motivate soldiers.

(3) Vital points and vulnerable points.

(4) Warm-ups.

(5) Stretches.

(6) Stances.

(7) Elbows and knees.

(8) Short punches and strikes.

(9) Kicks.

(10) Drills. Twenty-five repetitions for each strike—that is, elbows,

knees, punches, and kicks-using vital and vulnerable points.

(11) Combinations of strikes.

b. Period 2 - 2 Hours.

(1) Warm-ups and stretches.

(2) Review of strikes.

(3) Falls.

(4) Throws.

(5) Proficiency development of falls and throws through repetition.

c. Period 3 - 2 Hours.

(1) Warm-ups and stretches.

(2) Review of falls.

(3) Grappling.

(4) Chokes.

d. Period 4 - 2 Hours.

(1) Warm-ups and stretches.

(2) Defense and counters against weapons.

Angles of attack and defenses of each angle.

Knife defense.

Knife attacks.

Three-foot stick defense.

Three-foot stick attacks.

Drills. Twenty-five repetitions of defenses against each

angle of attack, knife attacks, and 3-foot stick attacks.

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FM 21-150

e. Period 5 - 2 Hours.

(1) Warm-ups and stretches.

(2) Overall review.

2-4. UNIT SUSTAINMENT TRAINING PROGRAM

Unit combative training is best done at company and platoon level. It is

difficult for commanders to find time to conduct hand-to-hand combat

training in typical training schedules. Combative training can be conducted

during the times allotted for unit physical readiness training. Most units have

at least one day a week when organized athletics are conducted for PT; this

is a good time to train in hand-to-hand combat.

a. When the unit begins combative training, it starts with the basic

training/OSUT program. After each soldier in the unit has attained the same

basic skill level, the training can then progress to more advanced techniques

and drills. If conducted once a week, this program takes 10 weeks to

complete. A typical progression might be as follows:

Defense and counters against weapons: 3 hours

Field-expedient weapons: 3 hours.

Sentry removal, silent kills, and quick kills: 2 hours.

Advanced knife drills: 3 hours.

b. Once the unit has basic proficiency of the topics in Chapters 3 through 7,

the commanders can easily plan future combative training. Unit trainers will

know where emphasis should be placed in the unit’s hand-to-hand training,

and they can also create more advanced training exercises and drills based on

soldier skill levels.

Section III

TRAINING AREAS

An advantage of combative training is that it can be conducted almost

anywhere with little preparation of the training area. (See Appendix A.)

2-5. TRAINING FORMATIONS

Physical training formations may be used for combative training.

(See FM 21-20.) If the extended rectangular formation is used, the first and

third ranks should face the second and fourth ranks so that each soldier has

a partner directly across from him.

a. When practicing throws or disarming techniques, soldiers need twice

the normal interval between ranks. Instructors also try to pair soldiers

according to height and weight.

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