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,TITLE.23706 Page i Wednesday, January 9, 2002 12:29 PM
IP Routing
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,COPYRIGHT.23443 Page iv Wednesday, January 9, 2002 12:29 PM
IP Routing
by Ravi Malhotra
Copyright © 2002 O’Reilly & Associates, Inc. All rights reserved.
Printed in the United States of America.
Published by O’Reilly & Associates, Inc., 1005 Gravenstein Highway North,
Sebastopol, CA 95472.
O’Reilly & Associates books may be purchased for educational, business, or sales promotional
use. Online editions are also available for most titles ( safari.oreilly.com ). For more information
contact our corporate/institutional sales department: (800) 998-9938 or corporate@oreilly.com .
Editor: Jim Sumser
Production Editor: Rachel Wheeler
Cover Designer: Ellie Volckhausen
Interior Designer: Melanie Wang
Printing History:
January 2002: First Edition.
Nutshell Handbook, the Nutshell Handbook logo, and the O’Reilly logo are registered
trademarks of O’Reilly & Associates, Inc. The association between the image of a zebu and the
topic of IProuting is a trademark of O’Reilly & Associates, Inc. Cisco IOS and and all Cisco-based
trademarks are registered trademarks of Cisco Systems, Inc.
Many of the designations used by manufacturers and sellers to distinguish their products are
claimed as trademarks. Where those designations appear in this book, and O’Reilly & Associates,
Inc. was aware of a trademark claim, the designations have been printed in caps or initial caps.
While every precaution has been taken in the preparation of this book, the publisher assumes no
responsibility for errors or omissions, or for damages resulting from the use of the information
contained herein.
ISBN: 0-596-00275-0
[C]
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,TITLE.23706 Page iii Wednesday, January 9, 2002 12:29 PM
IP Routing
Ravi Malhotra
Beijing Cambridge Farnham Köln Paris Sebastopol Taipei Tokyo
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,AUTHOR.COLO.23272 Page 1 Wednesday, January 9, 2002 12:28 PM
About the Author
Ravi Malhotra ( iparch@yahoo.com ) began working for AT&T Bell Labs in 1986,
doing R&D work. Since then he has taught data communications at universities,
managed IP networks for several large financial houses, and written several maga-
zine assignments. Mr. Malhotra possesses degrees in Electrical Engineering and
Computer Science.
Colophon
Our look is the result of reader comments, our own experimentation, and feedback
from distribution channels. Distinctive covers complement our distinctive approach
to technical topics, breathing personality and life into potentially dry subjects.
The animal on the cover of IP Routing is a zebu. Zebus are a type of Bos indicus
cattle, characterized by a large fatty hump over the top of the shoulder and neck,
loose skin under the throat, and large, drooping ears. They are an intermediate size
for beef cattle—bulls generally weigh from 1,600 to 2,200 pounds and cows from
1,000 to 1,400 pounds—but have comparatively long legs and are extremely hardy.
Zebu cattle breeds include Gyr, Guzerat, Indu-Brazil, Nelore, Red Zebu, and Gray
Zebu. They originated in India and are thought to be the world’s oldest domesti-
cated cattle. Zebus were introduced into the U.S. (where they are called Brahman
cattle) in the mid-19th century as draft animals, but they later interbred with other
cattle breeds and produced hybrids that were bigger, grew faster, and were better
suited for milk and beef production. These hybrids exhibited greater resistance to
heat, disease, and cattle ticks than ordinary domestic cattle and consequently tended
to fare better than the cattle the colonists had brought from Europe.
Rachel Wheeler was the production editor and copyeditor for IP Routing . Tatiana
Apandi Diaz was the proofreader. Matt Hutchinson provided quality control, and
Camilla Ammirati provided production assistance. John Bickelhaupt wrote the index.
Ellie Volckhausen designed the cover of this book, based on a series design by Edie
Freedman. The cover image is a 19th-century engraving from the Dover Pictorial
Archive. Emma Colby and Melanie Wang produced the cover layout with Quark-
XPress 4.1 using Adobe’s ITC Garamond font.
Melanie Wang designed the interior layout, based on a series design by David Futato.
Neil Walls converted the files from Microsoft Word to FrameMaker 5.5.6 using tools
created by Mike Sierra. The text font is Linotype Birka; the heading font is Adobe
Myriad Condensed; and the code font is LucasFont’s TheSans Mono Condensed.
The illustrations that appear in the book were produced by Robert Romano and
Jessamyn Read using Macromedia FreeHand 9 and Adobe Photoshop 6. The tip and
warning icons were drawn by Christopher Bing. This colophon was written by Rachel
Wheeler.
Whenever possible, our books use a durable and flexible lay-flat binding.
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