AutoCAD 2000 Visual LISP - Developer's Guide.pdf

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VISUAL LISP™ DEVELOPER’S GUIDE
00120-010000-5160
March 01, 1999
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Copyright © 1999 Autodesk, Inc.
All Rights Reserved
AUTODESK, INC. MAKES NO WARRANTY, EITHER EXPRESSED OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO ANY
IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE, REGARDING THESE MATERIALS
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SOLE AND EXCLUSIVE LIABILITY TO AUTODESK, INC., REGARDLESS OF THE FORM OF ACTION, SHALL NOT EXCEED THE
PURCHASE PRICE OF THE MATERIALS DESCRIBED HEREIN.
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at the time of its publication, and may not reflect the product at all times in the future.
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Third Party Software Program Credits
ACIS® Copyright © 1994, 1997, 1999 Spatial Technology, Inc., Three-Space Ltd., and Applied Geometry Corp. All rights reserved.
Copyright © 1997 Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved.
International CorrectSpell™ Spelling Correction System © 1995 by Lernout & Hauspie Speech Products, N.V. All rights reserved.
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Inc. All rights reserved.
Autodesk would like to acknowledge and thank Perceptual Multimedia, Inc., for the creative and technical design and the
development of the Visual LISP Garden Path tutorial.
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Contents
Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
AutoLISP and Visual LISP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
What Visual LISP Offers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
Working with Visual LISP and AutoCAD . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
Using Visual LISP Documentation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
Document Conventions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
Related Documents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
Part I
Using the Visual LISP Environment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
Chapter 1
Getting Started. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
Starting Visual LISP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
Exploring the Visual LISP User Interface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
Introducing the Visual LISP Text Editor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
Other Visual LISP Windows . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
Touring the Visual LISP Menus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
Variable Menu Contents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
Visual LISP Menu Summary. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
Understanding the Console Window . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
Understanding the Visual LISP Text Editor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
Loading and Running AutoLISP Programs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
Running Selected Lines of Code . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
Using Extended AutoLISP Functions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
Exiting Visual LISP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
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Chapter 2
Developing Programs with Visual LISP. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
Getting Organized . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
Using the Console Window . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
Understanding Console Behavior . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
Using the Console Window with Multiple Drawings. . . . . . . . . . . . 28
Using the Console Shortcut Menu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28
Logging Console Window Activity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
Using the Text Editor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31
Editing a File . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31
Using the Text Editor Shortcut Menu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32
Using Keyboard Shortcuts in the Text Editor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33
Moving and Copying Text . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36
Searching for Text . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37
Bookmarking Text . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40
Using Console and Editor Coding Aids . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42
Understanding Visual LISP Color Coding. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42
Using the Apropos Feature . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43
Letting Visual LISP Help You Complete Words . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47
Getting Help for AutoLISP Functions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50
Formatting Code with Visual LISP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50
Understanding Visual LISP Formatting Styles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51
Applying Formatting Options . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54
Applying Visual LISP Comment Styles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58
Saving and Restoring Formatting Options . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58
Formatter Restrictions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59
Formatting Shortcut Keys . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59
Checking for Syntax Errors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61
Checking the Balance of Parentheses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61
Using Color Coding to Detect Syntax Errors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63
Using the Check Command to Look for Syntax Errors . . . . . . . . . . 64
Chapter 3
Debugging Programs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67
Introducing Visual LISP Debugging Features . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68
Learning by Example . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69
Stepping through the Debugging Example. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69
Using the Visual LISP Debugging Features . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75
Starting a Debugging Session . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76
Understanding Break Loops . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76
Using Breakpoints . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 78
Using Visual LISP Data Inspection Tools . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82
Using the Watch Window. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83
Understanding the Trace Stack Window . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85
Using the Symbol Service Dialog Box . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 92
Using Inspect Windows . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95
iv | Contents
 
Viewing AutoCAD Drawing Entities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 104
Chapter 4
Building Applications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 109
Compiling and Linking Programs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 110
Using the Compiler . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 110
Compiling a Program from a File . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 111
Walking through a Compile Example . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 113
Loading and Running Compiled Programs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 114
Linking Function Calls. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 116
Making Application Modules . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 117
Creating a New Application. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 117
Loading and Running Visual LISP Applications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 124
Changing Application Options . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 124
Rebuilding an Application . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 125
Updating an Application . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 125
Designing for a Multiple Document Environment. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 126
Understanding Namespaces. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 126
Running an Application in Its Own Namespace . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 129
Sharing Data between Namespaces . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 133
Handling Errors in an MDI Environment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 134
Limitations on Using AutoLISP in an MDI Environment . . . . . . . . 136
Chapter 5
Maintaining Visual LISP Applications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 137
Managing Multiple LISP Files . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 138
Understanding Visual LISP Projects . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 138
Defining a Project . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 140
Assigning Project Properties. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 141
Using the Project Window to Work with Project Files . . . . . . . . . . 145
Working with Existing Projects. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 149
Opening a Project . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 149
Finding a String in Project Source Files . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 150
Including a Project in a Visual LISP Application . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 151
Optimizing Application Code . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 153
Defining Build Options . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 153
Choosing a Compilation Mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 155
Choosing a Link Mode. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 157
Understanding Safe Optimization . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 157
Chapter 6
Working with ActiveX. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 161
Using ActiveX Objects with AutoLISP. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 162
Understanding the AutoCAD Object Model. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 162
Object Properties . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 164
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