ArchiCAD Step 1 - Creating.pdf - Krok po kroku - michalsz7

Step 1 : Creating the Building Model

A - Getting Started with ArchiCAD

When you launch ArchiCAD, simply use the default template (starting project) and use the default workspace , to get started quickly. You can

customize the application later on, but to follow along, it is best to have all things in the same place.

By default, ArchiCAD will open the 2D Window. This is where you draw the plans of the building. But beware that the building elements are at the

same time carrying information about their height: they are full 3D Elements too. ArchiCAD provides several representation windows on the

building model. Each representation has a different set of tools to work with and displays a different aspect of the building. Changes in one of the

views are (mostly) reflected in the other views as well.

2D Window (shortcut F2) = the two-dimensional representation of the building (plans)

3D Window (shortcut F3) = the three-dimensional representation of the building (model, perspectives)

3D Document = a snapshot of a particular 3D view position, which can then be further annotated, using text, dimensions etc... (new since r12)

Sections/Elevations = generated 2D views from the 3D model (using section/elevation markers).

Renderings

Listings

...

B - Prepare the Story Settings

ArchiCAD divides a project into building stories, so it is advisable to set up a project's stories directly. You can always changes things later on, it

required.

Open the Design > Story Settings... dialog (or press Ctrl + 7).

Here you can insert new stories, above or below the selected story. You can change the Elevation (the height of the finished floor level) and the

Height to Next (floor-to-floor height). You can also copy specific elements, such as floors or walls from one story to another, where they will be

pasted to the correct elevation level.

Beware that it takes more effort to create building with split levels or buildings where story levels differ between building blocks.

To create split-level buildings, it is usually advisable to make all the different split levels as separate stories. ArchiCAD works best when

you position building levels at specified floor levels.

When you have different zones in your building or when you design a building with a more complex layout, where story levels are different

between building blocks, you should probably split up your project into different files. ArchiCAD provides two techniques which support

this:

Hotlinked Modules are separate projects (*.pln-files), which can be referenced into the main file. This main file can be empty (to

only include annotation) or might carry the site. According to the manual, " a hotlink is a logical pointer to a single story of an

external source file ". This is also usable to place multiple buildings on a main site. The same module can be referenced multiple

times into one document.

If this reminds you of XRefs from AutoCAD, beware that ArchiCAD has a separate feature for External References . This is

specifically meant to attach DWG or DXF files to an ArchiCAD project.

C - Create the building outline

(1) Wall Tool & Basic Object Manipulation

We'll start with the Wall tool and use that to talk about the workflow of ArchiCAD. So even if you

think you can draw a wall, read at least through this section, since many important concepts will be

introduced.

This is the only section that will go into the details. The other sections are more summarized and

we advice you to regularily consult the documentation of ArchiCAD.

The Wall Tool and the Settings dialog

When you activate the wall tool from the main Toolbox, you can immediately start drawing walls in the main window. The content of the

Infobox changes to reflect the settings of the active tool. You can resize the box or drag it to another position. The default is at the top,

displaying only one row of controls. Beware that this box can be scrolled to the right if not all of the tool buttons can be placed inside its

container.

From here, you edit the properties of the wall (the button with the icon of the Wall Tool) or open the full settings dialog (press Ctrl+T).

This is a typical ArchiCAD dialog, where the different properties are grouped, to help maintain the overview. The different parts of the

dialog can be opened or closed by pressing the horizontal divisor bars. The dialog is resized using a small animation and displays one

or more group of properties.

As with all ArchiCAD dialogs, editing a value and waiting a short while (about half a second) will apply the setting. This is especially

apparant when editing library objects, later on.

The Geometry and Positioning are the main parameters which define the overall size of the wall, apart from its endpoints.

The icons give a visual clue about the meaning of the different parameters.

The size of the wall is defined by it's height and base height . The base height defines the position of the bottom of the

wall, which is usually placed at a particular story level (which explains why you have two mutual options to enter the

bottom position). The height is the absolute height from the bottom size.

The wall is drawn between two points, defining the baseline. The offset from this baseline is set with the Construction

Method , which can be centered, left- and right aligned. The left and right alignment can include an offset to precisely

define where the wall is placed according to its baseline.

The Geometry Method defines the overall form of the wall, with a choice between a straight wall, a trapezoid wall

(where the width is different between start and end) and a polygonal wall (allowing any shape for its contour).

The Wall Complexity allows you to define the walls shape in the vertical direction, with choices between vertical ,

slanted , double slanted and complex .

Most walls will probably be vertical, so that is the default

Slanted and Double slanted walls allow you to define the wall as being non-vertical. This is usefull for more

complex geometry or to model existing historical buildings.

Complex wall define a custom cross-section profile , which is managed in the profile manager . More on profiles

later on.

Home Story is usually set to automatic. In earlier versions of ArchiCAD, walls were only visible on their own story, but

since wall might extend over several stories, they have to be visible on other stories as well. Especially with slanted

walls, there is little sense in splitting them vertically into different walls, when they extend over more then one floor level.

The Floor Plan and Section part defines the appearance of the Wall object in plan views.

This is where you would define the used materials, the pen and color settings and the projection settings.

Floor Plan Display

Show On stories allows you to define on which stories the element will be visible

Floor Plan Display (Projected / Projected with Overhead / Cut Only / Symbolic Cut / Outlines Only / Overhead

All). This defines if the object is shown as Projected or Cut (from the 3D Geometry), Symbolic (which is a

separate 2D display) or a combination. Overhead defines the projected geometry of the geometry above the cut

plane and is shown in dashed lines.

Show Projection (To Floor Plan Range / To Absolute Display Limit / Entire Element)

This defines how far the geometry will be projected, with regards to the Cutting planes defined for the Floor

plan.

Structure graphical material (FILL) settings for the geometry.

Cut Surfaces graphical settings for the linework displayed in the cut plane

Outlines graphical settings for the linework of projected geometry.

Graphical display in ArchiCAD

The graphical and visual appearance of ArchiCAD entities is defined by layers, layer combinations, pens, colors, pen sets, line types,

fill types, composite structures, profiles, materials, zone categories and cities. There are several of them defined in a project file and

they can all be chosen in several dialog boxes. However, to change their definitions, you have to open the Options > Element

Attributes menu, where they are all listed. In the particular case where you want to transfer these attributes to other projects, you can

use the Attribute Manager dialog. All these attributes can be stored in *.aat files.

Pens

Lines, outlines, borders are defined by a Pen. Pens have an index , a width (in mm or in points) and a name . The name

indicates the function of the pen. An ArchiCAD project contains several Pen Sets . A single Pen Set is the collection or

assembly of all available pens, with one particular purpose. This allows you to graphically give a drawing or view a completely

different look, without assigning other pens to objects.

In a different Pen Set, the same pen might receive a different color or line width, e.g. while most cut elements are drawn with a

thick line and projected or invisible entities with a thin line, this is not always true for other drawings. In a drawing for the

electrical installations, most elements are hidden, but the references to non-electrical elements might be shown with a thin grey

or black line. This is accomplished by activating a different Pen Set.

Fills

These are the Hatches ArchiCAD provides.

There are different fill types:

Solid Fills : a single colour or grey value is used

Vectorial Fills : a line-based pattern

Symbolic Fills : copied drawing items (circles, lines, arcs)

Image Fills : an image is used to define the pattern

They have a name , a vectorial and a bitmapped/screen-only pattern and a setting to define if they are scale-dependent or

not. The Fills dialog gives a visual preview of the Fill and the name. Most common building materials are included and some

graphical general purpose hatches.

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