Mahmood Mamdani - Saviours and Survivors. Darfur, Politics and the War on Terror (2009).pdf - Geopolitics + Sociology(1) - peterjackpeter

Published in Southern Africa by HSRC Press

Private Bag X9182, Cape Town, 8000, South Africa

www.hsrcpress.ac.za

ISBN (soft cover) 978-0-7969-2252-6

ISBN (pdf) 978-0-7969-2253-3

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Published 2009

First published in the United States by Pantheon Books,

a division of Random House, Inc. and in

Canada by Random House of Canada Limited

The views expressed in this publication are those of the author. They do not

necessarily reflect the views or policies of the Human Sciences Research Council

(‘the Council’) or indicate that the Council endorses the views of the author.

In quoting from this publication, readers are advised to attribute the

source of the information to the author and not to the Council.

Cover by FUEL Design, Cape Town

Printed by Logo Print, Cape Town, South Africa

Distributed in Southern Africa by Blue Weaver

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www.oneworldbooks.com

CONTENTS

Acknowledgements

Map of Sudan

viii

Introduction

Part I: The Save Darfur Movement and the Global War on Terror

1 Globalising Darfur

2 The Politics of the Movement to Save Darfur

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Part II: Darfur in Context

3 Writing Race into History

4 Sudan and the Sultanate of Dar Fur

109

5 A Colonial Map of Race and Tribe: Making Settlers

and Natives

145

6 Building Nation and State in Independent Sudan

171

7 The Cold War and its Aftermath

206

Part III: Rethinking the Darfur Crisis

8 Civil War, Rebellion, and Repression

231

Conclusion: Responsibility to Protect or Right to Punish?

271

Notes

301

Select Bibliography

357

Index

375

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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

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When I went to Sudan in 2003, I could not have imagined that it would

be the beginning of an incredibly rewarding five-year-long journey.

This acknowledgment is an opportunity to thank those family, friends,

and colleagues, without whose solidarity I doubt I would have been able

to complete it.

I was lucky to have two old and dear Sudanese friends who were then

resident in Khartoum: Mohamed el Gaddal, historian at the University

of Khartoum, and Abdelrahman Abu Zayd, a colleague at Makerere

University in 1972 and, subsequently, vice chancellor of a number of

universities in Sudan. Both took time to introduce me to a wide of range

of intellectuals and activists. Alas, both passed away before this book was

finished.

I was also lucky that a friend from my days in Dar es Salaam, Jyoti

Rajkudalia,wasworkingwithWorldFoodProgrammeinKhartoumand

knewtheinsandoutsof theinternationaldevelopmentalbureaucracyin

Sudan. To Jyoti,who was my host in 2003,and to Nazar and Hanan,who

welcomed me into their home time and again over years, and to Samia

Ahmed and Mohamed, who I turned to every time I needed a guiding

hand in the world of NGO activism,my deepest thanks.

The Sudanese are a generous people, and particularly so once they are

convinced that you do not have a hidden agenda. Many helped me with

their time and contacts as I tried to identify and connect with various

tendencies – whether in the academy or in political parties, or in the

world of Darfuri politics – even when they were not always wholly com-

fortable with my line of inquiry and the tentative conclusions I seemed

to draw from findings. It is difficult to recall every helping hand, but

there were some who helped me so willingly and unselfishly that I devel-

oped a habit of turning to them every time I was stuck: Salah Hasan at

Cornell; and in Sudan, Mohamed al-Amin el Tom; Siddiq R. Umbadda;

Atta el-Batahani; Adlan A. Hardallo; Amal Hamza; Farouk M. Ibrahim;

Ali Saleiman; Nasredeem Hussein Hassan; Salah Shazali; Dr. Eltayeb

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