Bibligrafia: Dieta wegańska Rastafarianizm
2005-2006
1. Chung, Carolyn S.; King, Janet C. Zinc. Encyclopedia of Dietary Supplements (2005), 791-800.
Abstract
A review. Zinc is the most abundant intracellular trace element, and is present in every living cell in the body and has many diverse biol. functions. Because zinc is a component of many enzymes involved in the synthesis and degrdn. of carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, nucleic acids, and gene expression, as well as in the metab. of other nutrients. Groups at risk of zinc deficiency include those with high zinc needs such as preterm infants, growing children and adolescents, and pregnant and lactating women. Dietary zinc intakes in the United States are adequate for most groups, with the exception of vegans, who may not consume fortified cereals, and possibly the elderly. Supplemental zinc has been used to treat a variety of diseases; however, not all disease outcomes are improved. The biochem. and physiol. functions, metab., indications, usage, and adverse interactions of zinc are discussed.
Indexing -- Section 18-0 (Animal Nutrition)
Section cross-reference(s): 1, 13
Dietary supplements
Disease, animal
Human
Metabolism, animal
Nutrition, animal
(biochem., physiol. functions, metab., indications, usage, and adverse interactions of zinc)
7440-66-6, Zinc, biological studies
Role: BSU (Biological study, unclassified); PAC (Pharmacological activity); THU (Therapeutic use); BIOL (Biological study); USES (Uses)
Supplementary Terms
review zinc diet supplement metab disease nutrition
Citations
1) Iznc Group; Food Nutr Bull 2004, 2(1 Suppl 2), S91
2) Prasad, A; Am J Med 1961, 31, 532
3) Da Silva, J; The Biological Chemistry of the Elements:The Inorganic Chemistry of Life 1991, 1
4) Cousins, R; Annu Rev Nutr 1994, 14, 449
5) Vallee, B; Physiol Rev 1993, 73, 79
6) Cousins, R; Present Knowledge in Nutrition 1996, 293
7) Klug, A; Tr Biochem Sci 1987, 12, 464
8) Cousins, R; J Infect Dis 2000, 182(Suppl 1), S81
9) Cui, L; J Nutr 2003, 133, 51
10) Powell, S; J Nutr 2000, 130(5), 1447S
11) Cousins, R; J Nutr 2003, 133(5 Suppl 1), 1521S
12) Thompson, C; Science 1995, 267, 1456
13) Thornalley, P; Biochim Biophys Acta 1985, 827, 36
14) Lichtlen, P; Nucleic Acids Res 2001, 29(7), 1514
15) Jiang, H; J Biol Chem 2003, 278(32), 30394
16) Otsuka, F; Biochim Biophys Acta (BBA)-Gene Struct Expr 2000, 1492(2-3), 330
17) Cousins, R; Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2003, 100(12), 6952
18) Huse, M; J Biol Chem 1998, 273(30), 18729
19) Maret, W; Proc Natl Acad Sci 2001, 98(22), 12325
20) Frederickson, C; J Nutr 2000, 130(5), 1471S
21) Rivera, J; J Nutr 1998, 128, 556
22) King, J; Modern Nutrition in Health and Disease 1999, 223
23) Truong-Tran, A; J Nutr 2000, 130(5), 1459S
24) Eide, D; Pflugers Arch Eur J Physiol 2004, 447, 796
25) Palmiter, R; Pflugers Arch Eur J Physiol 2004, 447, 744
26) Liuzzi, J; J Nutr 2003, 133(2), 342
27) Dufner-Beattie, J; J Biol Chem 2003, 278(50), 50142
28) McMahon, R; J Nutr 1998, 128, 667
29) Solomons, N; Absorption and Malabsorption of Mineral Nutrients 1984, 125
30) Lee, H; Am J Physiol 1989, 256, G87
31) Matseshe, J; Am J Clin Nutr 1980, 33, 1946
32) Institute Of Medicine; Dietary Reference Intakes:Vitamin A, Vitamin K, Arsenic, Boron, Chromium, Copper, Iodine, Iron, Manganese, Molybdenum, Nickel, Silicon, Vanadium, and Zinc 2002
33) Fung, E; Am J Clin Nutr 1997, 66, 80
34) Morgan, P; FASEB J 1990, 4, A648
35) Baer, M; Am J Clin Nutr 1984, 39, 556
36) Moser-Veillon, P; Analyst 1995, 120, 895
37) King, J; J Nutr 1990, 120, 1474
38) Gordon, P; Am J Clin Nutr 1982, 35, 113
39) Falchuck, K; N Engl J Med 1977, 296, 1129
40) Fell, G; Lancet 1973, 2, 280
41) King, J; J Nutr 1994, 124, 508
42) Cao, J; J Nutr 2000, 130(9), 2180
43) Jackson, M; J Clin Pathol 1977, 30, 284
44) Cousins, R; Zinc in Human Biology 1989, 79
45) Lowe, N; Am J Clin Nutr 1997, 65, 1810
46) Milne, D; Clin Chem 1985, 31, 65
47) Foster, D; Am J Physiol 1979, 237, R340
48) Wastney, M; Am J Physiol 1986, 251, R398
49) Dunn, M; Am J Physiol 1989, 256, E420
50) Miller, L; J Nutr 1994, 124, 268
51) Emmert, J; Poult Sci 1995, 74, 1011
52) Diaz-Gomez, N; Pediatrics 2003, 111(5), 1002
53) Morgan, P; FASEB J 1993, 5, A930
54) Hambidge, M; J Nutr 2000, 130, 1344S
55) Jackson, M; Br J Nutr 1984, 51, 199
56) Seal, C; J Nutr 1985, 115, 986
57) Victery, W; Am J Physiol 1981, 240, F299
58) Cousins, R; J Nutr 2000, 130(Suppl 5S), 1384S
59) Swanson, C; Am J Clin Nutr 1987, 46, 763
60) Michalczyk, A; Hum Genet 2003, 113, 202
61) Sandstead, H; Am J Dis Child 1991, 145(8), 853
62) Gibson, R; Nutr Res Rev 1994, 7, 151
63) Black, M; Am J Clin Nutr 1998, 68(Suppl), 464S
64) Subar, A; J Am Diet Assoc 1998, 98(5), 537
65) Ma, J; J Nutr 2000, 130(11), 2838
66) Sandstrom, B; Zinc in Human Biology 1989, 57
67) Wood, R; Am J Clin Nutr 1997, 65, 1803
68) Hunt, J; Am J Clin Nutr 1995, 62, 621
69) Sandstrom, B; Proc Nutr Soc 1992, 51, 211
70) World Health Organization; Trace Elements in Human Nutrition and Health 1996
71) Sandstrom, B; Dietary pattern and zinc supply Zinc in Human Biology 1989, 350
72) Briefel, R; J Nutr 2000, 130(5), 1367S
73) Ervin, R; J Nutr 2002, 132(11), 3422
74) Brown, K; Am J Cin Nutr 2002, 75, 1062
75) Bates, C; Br J Nutr 1993, 69, 243
76) Ruel, M; Pediatrics 1997, 99(6), 808
77) Sazawal, S; Am J Clin Nutr 1997, 66, 413
78) Sazawal, S; Pediatrics 1998, 102, 1
79) Shankar, A; Am J Trop Med Hyg 2000, 62(6), 663
80) World Health Organization; WHO/UNICEF Joint Statement:Clinical Management of Acute Diarrhoea 2004, 1
81) Anon; Nutr Rev 1997, 55, 82
82) Jackson, J; Arch Int Med 1997, 157, 2373
83) Garland, M; Ann Pharmacother 1998, 32, 63
84) Licastro, F; Biol Trace Elem Res 1996, 51, 55
85) Cuajungco, M; Brain Res Rev 1997, 23, 219
86) Zemel, B; Am J Clin Nutr 2002, 75(2), 300
87) Ferenci, P; Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2004, 19(2), 157
88) Turnlund, J; Modern Nutrition in Health and Disease 1994, 231
89) Arsenault, J; Am J Clin Nutr 2003, 78(5), 1011
90) Yadrick, M; Am J Clin Nutr 1989, 49(1), 145
91) Black, M; Am J Clin Nutr 1988, 47(6), 970
92) Hooper, P; J Am Med Assoc 1980, 244(17), 1960
93) Samman, S; Atherosclerosis 1988, 70(3), 247
94) Solomons, N; Am J Clin Nutr 1981, 34, 475
95) Solomons, N; J Nutr 1983, 113, 337
96) Solomons, N; J Lab Clin Med 1979, 94, 335
2. Larsson Christel L; Johansson Gunnar K Young Swedish vegans have different sources of nutrients than young omnivores. Journal of the American Dietetic Association (2005), 105(9), 1438-41.
The aim of this study was to identify sources of nutrients in diets of young Swedish vegans and omnivores. Three months of dietary intakes were investigated by diet history interviews. Volunteers were recruited through advertising and visits to schools in the city of Umea, Sweden. Thirty vegans, 15 female and 15 male, aged 17.5+/-1.0 years, were compared with 30 sex-, age-, and height-matched omnivores. Vegans had different sources of nutrients than young omnivores and relied to a great extent on dietary supplements as a source of vitamin B-12, vitamin D, calcium, and selenium. Dietary intake of vegetables, fruits, and berries exceeded 500 g/day for 21 of the 30 vegans, whereas the same held true for only 1 of the 30 omnivores. Instead of animal products, young vegans rely on dietary supplements, legumes, vegetables, fruits, and berries as sources of nutrients.
Controlled Terms
Check Tags: Female; Male
Adolescent
*Adolescent Nutrition Physiology
Adult
Case-Control Studies
*Diet: ST, standards
*Diet, Vegetarian
Dietary Carbohydrates: AD, administration & dosage
Dietary Fats: AD, administration & dosage
Dietary Fiber: AD, administration & dosage
*Dietary Proteins: AD, administration & dosage
Dietary Supplements
Humans
*Minerals: AD, administration & dosage
Nutrition Assessment
Nutritive Value
Sweden
*Vitamins: AD, administration & dosage
Chemical Names
0 (Dietary Carbohydrates)
0 (Dietary Fats)
0 (Dietary Proteins)
0 (Minerals)
0 (Vitamins)
3. Skoldstam Lars; Brudin Lars; Hagfors Linda; Johansson Gunnar Weight reduction is not a major reason for improvement in rheumatoid arthritis from lacto-vegetarian, vegan or Mediterranean diets. Nutrition journal (2005), 4 15.
OBJECTIVES: Several investigators have reported that clinical improvements of patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA), from participating in therapeutic diet intervention studies, have been accompanied by loss of body weight. This has raised the question whether weight reduction per se can improve RA. In order to test this hypothesis, three previously conducted diet intervention studies, comprising 95 patients with RA, were pooled. Together with Age, Gender, and Disease Duration, change during the test period in body weight, characterised dichotomously as reduction or no reduction (dichoDeltaBody Weight), as well as Diet (dichotomously as ordinary diet or test diet), were the independent variables. Dependent variables were the difference (Delta) from baseline to conclusion of the study in five different disease outcome measures. DeltaESR and DeltaPain Score were both characterised numerically and dichotomously (improvement or no improvement). DeltaAcute Phase Response, DeltaPhysical Function, and DeltaTender Joint Count were characterised dichotomously only. Multiple logistic regression was used to analyse associations between the independent and the disease outcome variables. RESULTS: Statistically significant correlations were found between Diet and three disease outcome variables i.e. DeltaAcute-Phase Response, DeltaPain Score, and DeltaPhysical Function. Delta Body Weight was univariately only correlated to DeltaAcute-Phase Response but not significant when diet was taken into account. CONCLUSION: Body weight reduction did not significantly contribute to the improvement in rheumatoid arthritis when eating lacto-vegetarian, vegan or Mediterranean diets.
Activities of Daily Living
Acute-Phase Reaction
Analysis of Variance
*Arthritis, Rheumatoid: DT, drug therapy
Cross-Over Studies
*Diet, Mediterranean
Middle Aged
Pain Measurement
Prospective Studies
Questionnaires
Treatment Outcome
*Weight Loss
4. Allen, Lindsay H.; Jones, Katharine M. Vitamin B12. Encyclopedia of Dietary Supplements (2005), 735-744.
A review. The article highlights several new aspects of the knowledge of vitamin B12. The more important issues include the much higher global prevalence of this deficiency than is generally recognized and the fact that higher risk of depletion. Deficiency also occurs more rapidly than was formerly believed, esp. in people whose stores are relatively depleted or who malabsorb the vitamin.
Section cross-reference(s): 14, 17
Development, mammalian postnatal
(child; methods for evaluating vitamin B12 status, causes of deficiency, and consequences of deficiency)
(deficiency; methods for evaluating vitamin B12 status, causes of deficiency, and consequences of deficiency)
Diet
Food
Newborn
Pregnancy
(dietary requirements and food sources of vitamin B12)
Aging, animal
(elderly; dietary requirements and food sources of vitamin B12)
(infant; dietary requirements and food sources of vitamin B12)
Anemia (disease)
(megaloblastic anemia; methods for evaluating vitamin B12 status, causes of deficiency, and consequences of deficiency)
Biological transport
(methods for evaluating vitamin B12 status, causes of deficiency, and consequences of deficiency)
Coenzymes
Role: BSU (Biological study, unclassified); BIOL (Biological study)
Nerve, disease
(neuropathy; methods for evaluating vitamin B12 status, causes of deficiency, and consequences of deficiency)
68-19-9, Vitamin B12
review vitamin B 12 vegan lacto vegetarian diet deficiency; nutrition food recommended intake anemia neuropathy immune system review
1) Institute of Medicine; Dietary Reference Intakes: Thiamin, Riboflavin, Niacin, Vitamin B6, Folate, Vitamin B12, Pantothenic Acid, Biotin, and Choline 2000
2) Schneider, R; J Clin Invest 1976, 57, 27
3) Meyers, P; Pediatrics 1984, 74, 866
4) Grasbeck, R; Clin Biochem 1984, 17, 99
5) Compher, C; J Parenter Enteral Nutr 2002, 26, 57
6) Alexander, D; Eur J Clin Nutr 1994, 48, 538
7) Helman, A; Am J Clin Nutr 1987, 45, 785
8) Herrmann, W; Am J Clin Nutr 2003, 78, 131
9) Hellegers, A; Am J Clin Nutr 1957, 5, 327
10) Shojania, A; Can Med Assoc J 1983, 126, 244
11) Pardo, J; Hum Reprod 2000, 15, 224
12) Stoll, C; Reprod Toxicol 1999, 13, 53
13) Frery, N; Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol 1992, 45, 155
14) Vollset, S; Am J Clin Nutr 2000, 71, 962
15) Levine, R; Am J Obstet Gynecol 2002, 186, 1107
16) Bondevik, G; Eur J Clin Nutr 2001, 55, 856
17) Giugliani, E; Am J Clin Nutr 1985, 41, 330
18) Specker, B; Am J Clin Nutr 1988, 47, 89
19) Schneede, J; Pediatr Res 1994, 36, 194
20) Lindenbaum, J; Am J Clin Nutr 1994, 60, 2
21) Rogers, L; Am J Clin Nutr 2003, 77(2), 433
22) Holleland, G; Clin Chem 1999, 45, 189
23) Carmel, R; Arch Intern Med 1996, 156, 1097
24) Suter, P; Gastroenterology 1991, 101, 1039
25) Carmel, R; Dig Dis Sci 1994, 39, 309
26) Herrmann, W; Clin Chim Acta 2002, 326, 47
27) Refsum, H; Am J Clin Nutr 2001, 74, 233
28) Louwman, M; Am J Clin Nutr 2000, 72, 762
29) Healton, E; Medicine (Baltimore) 1991, 70, 229
30) Campbell, A; J Nutr in press
31) Allen, L; Adv Exp Med Biol 2002, 503, 57
32) Wighton, M; Med J Aust 1979, 2, 1
33) Graham, S; J Pediatr 1992, 121, 710
34) Dagnelie, P; Am J Clin Nutr 1994, 59, 1187S
35) Tamura, J; Clin Exp Immunol 1999, 116, 28
36) Haddad, E; Am J Clin Nutr 1999, 70, 586S
5. Goff, L. M.; Bell, J. D.; So, P-W.; Dornhorst, A.; Frost, G. S. Veganism and its relationship with insulin resistance and intramyocellular lipid. European Journal of Clinical Nutrition (2005), 59(2), 291-298.
Objective: To test the hypothesis that dietary factors in the vegan diet lead to improved insulin sensitivity and lower intramyocellular lipid (IMCL) storage. Design: Case-control study. Setting: Imperial College School of Medicine, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, London, UK. Subjects: A total of 24 vegans and 25 omnivores participated in this study; three vegan subjects could not be matched therefore the matched results are shown for 21 vegans and 25 omnivores. The subjects were matched for gender, age and body mass index (BMI). Interventions: Full anthropometry, 7-day dietary assessment and phys. activity levels were obtained. Insulin sensitivity (%S) and beta-cell function (%B) were detd. using the homeostatic model assessment (HOMA). IMCL levels were detd. using in vivo proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy; total body fat content was assessed by bioelec. impedance. Results: There was no difference between the groups in sex, age, BMI, waist measurement, percentage body fat, activity levels and energy intake. Vegans had a significantly lower systolic blood pressure (-11.0 mmHg, CI -20.6 to -1.3, P=0.027) and higher dietary intake of carbohydrate (10.7%, CI 6.8-14.5, P<0.001), nonstarch polysaccharides (20.7 g, CI 15.8-25.6, P<0.001) and polyunsatd. fat (2.8%, CI 1.0-4.6, P=0.003), with a significantly lower glycemic index (-3.7, CI -6.7 to -0.7, P=0.01). Also, vegans had lower fasting plasma triacylglycerol (-0.7 mmol/l, CI -0.9 to -0.4, P<0.001) and glucose (-0.4 mmol/l, CI -0.7 to -0.09, P=0.05) concns. There was no significant difference in HOMA %S but there was with HOMA %B (32.1%, CI 10.3-53.9, P=0.005), while IMCL levels were significantly lower in the soleus muscle (-9.7, CI -16.2 to -3.3, P=0.01). Conclusion: Vegans have a food intake and a biochem. profile that will be expected to be cardioprotective, with lower IMCL accumulation and beta-cell protective. Sponsorship: MRC PhD studentship.
...
jedrus1a