Wang S. - Handbook of Air Conditioning and Refrigeration.pdf - Nieposegregowane - ziolek6661

HANDBOOK OF

AIR CONDITIONING

AND REFRIGERATION

Shan K. Wang

Second Edition

McGraw-Hill

New York San Francisco Washington, D.C. Auckland Bogotá

Caracas Lisbon London Madrid Mexico City Milan

Montreal New Delhi San Juan Singapore

Sydney Tokyo Toronto

Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data

Wang, Shan K. (Shan Kuo)

Handbook of air conditioning and refrigeration / Shan K. Wang — 2nd ed.

p. cm.

Includes index.

ISBN 0-07-068167-8

1. Air conditioning. 2. Refrigeration and refrigerating machinery. I. Title.

TH7687.W27

2000

697.9 3 — dc21

00-060576

McGraw-Hi l l

the United States of America. Except as permitted under the United States Copyright Act of

1976, no part of this publication may be reproduced or distributed in any form or by any

means, or stored in a data base or retrieval system, without the prior written permission of the

publisher.

1234567890 DOC/DOC 06543210

ISBN 0-07-068167-8

The sponsoring editor for this book was Linda Ludewig, the editing supervisor was David E.

Fogarty, and the production supervisor was Pamela A. Pelton. It was set in Times Roman by

Progressive Information Technologies, Inc.

Printed and bound by R. R. Donnelley & Sons Company.

This book was printed on acid-free paper.

McGraw-Hill books are available at special quantity discounts to use as premiums and sales

promotions, or for use in corporate training programs. For more information, please write to

the Director of Special Sales, Professional Publishing, McGraw-Hill, Two Penn Plaza, New

York, NY 10121-2298. Or contact your local bookstore.

Information contained in this work has been obtained by The McGraw-Hill Com-

panies, Inc. (“McGraw-Hill”) from sources believed to be reliable. However, nei-

ther McGraw-Hill nor its authors guarantee the accuracy or completeness of any

information published herein, and neither McGraw-Hill nor its authors shall be

responsible for any errors, omissions, or damages arising out of use of this infor-

mation. This work is published with the understanding that McGraw-Hill and its

authors are supplying information but are not attempting to render engineering or

other professional services. If such services are required, the assistance of an ap-

propriate professional should be sought.

This book is dedicated to my dear wife Joyce for her

encouragement, understanding, and contributions,

and to my daughter Helen

and my sons Roger and David.

ABOUT THE AUTHOR

Shan K. Wang received his B.S. in mechanical engineering from Southwest Associated University

in China in 1946. Two years later, he completed his M.S. degree in mechanical engineering at Har-

vard Graduate School of Engineering. In 1949, he obtained his M.S. in textile technology from the

Massachusetts Institute of Technology.

From 1950 to 1974, Wang worked in the ﬁeld of air conditioning and refrigeration in China. He

was the ﬁrst Technical Deputy Director of the Research Institute of Air Conditioning in Beijing

from 1963 to 1966 and from 1973 to 1974. He helped to design space diffusion for the air condi-

tioning system in the Capital and Worker’s Indoor Stadium. He also designed many HVAC&R sys-

tems for industrial and commercial buildings. Wang published two air conditioning books and

many papers in the 1950s and 1960s. He is one of the pioneers of air conditioning in China.

Wang joined Hong Kong Polytechnic as senior lecturer in 1975. He established the air condi-

tioning and refrigeration laboratories and established courses in air conditioning and refrigeration at

Hong Kong Polytechnic. Since 1975, he has been a consultant to Associated Consultant Engineers

and led the design of the HVAC&R systems for Queen Elizabeth Indoor Stadium, Aberdeen Market

Complex, Koshan Road Recreation Center, and South Sea Textile Mills in Hong Kong. From 1983

to 1987, Wang Published Principles of Refrigeration Engineering and Air Conditioning as the

teaching and learning package, and presented several papers at ASHRAE meetings. The First Edi-

tion of the Handbook of Air Conditioning and Refrigeration was published in 1993.

Wang has been a member of ASHRAE since 1976. He has been a governor of the ASHRAE

Hong Kong Chapter-At-Large since the Chapter was established in 1984. Wang retired from Hong

Kong Polytechnic in June 1987 and immigrated to the United States in October 1987. Since then,

he has joined the ASHRAE Southern California Chapter and devoted most of his time to writing.

I.29

PREFACE TO SECOND EDITION

Air conditioning, or HVAC&R, is an active, rapidly developing technology. It is closely related to

the living standard of the people and to the outdoor environment, such as through ozone depletion

and global warming. Currently, air conditioning consumes about one-sixth of the annual national

energy use in the United States.

At the beginning of a new millennium, in addition to the publication of ASHRAE Standard

90.1-1999 and ASHRAE Standard 62-1999, often called the Energy standard and Indoor Air Qual-

ity standard, the second edition of Handbook of Air Conditioning and Refrigeration is intended to

summarize the following advances, developments, and valuable experience in HVAC&R technol-

ogy as they pertain to the design and effective, energy-efﬁcient operation of HVAC&R systems:

First, to solve the primary problems that exist in HVAC&R, improve indoor air quality through

minimum ventilation control by means of CO 2 -based demand-controlled or mixed plenum con-

trolled ventilation, toxic gas adsorption and chemisorption, medium- and high-efﬁciency ﬁltration,

and damp surface prevention along conditioned air passages. ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 52.2-1999

uses 16 minimum efﬁciency reporting values (MERVs) to select air ﬁlters based on particle-size

composite efﬁciency.

Energy conservation is a key factor in mitigating the global warming effect. Electric deregula-

tion and the use of real-time pricing instead of the time-of-use rate structure in the United States

have a signiﬁcant impact on the energy cost. ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 90.1-1999 has accumulated

valuable HVAC&R energy-efﬁcient experiences since the publication of Standard 90.1-1989 and

during the discussions of the two public reviews.

For buildings of one or two stories when the outdoor wind speed is normal or less than normal,

the space or building pressurization depends mainly on the air balance of the HVAC&R system and

on the leakiness of the building. A proper space pressurization helps to provide a desirable indoor

environment.

Second, there is a need for a well-designed and -maintained microprocessor-based energy man-

agement and control system for medium-size or large projects with generic controls in graphical

display, monitoring, trending, totalization, scheduling, alarming, and numerous speciﬁc functional

controls to perform HVAC&R operations in air, water, heating, and refrigeration systems.

HVAC&R operations must be controlled because the load and outside weather vary.

The sequence of operations comprises basic HVAC&R operations and controls. In the second

edition, the sequence of operations of zone temperature control of a single-zone VAV system, a

VAV reheat system, a dual-duct VAV system, a fan-powered VAV system, and a four-pipe fan-coil

system is analyzed. Also the sequence of operations of a plant-building loop water system control,

the discharge air temperature control, and duct static pressure control in an air-handling unit are dis-

cussed.

Third, new and updated advanced technology improvements include

• Artiﬁcial intelligence, such as fuzzy logic, artiﬁcial neural networks, and expert systems, is

widely used in microprocessor-based controllers.

• BACnet is an open protocol in control that enables system components from different vendors to

be connected to a single control system to maximize efﬁciency at lowest cost.

• Computational ﬂuid dynamics is becoming an important simulation technology in airﬂow, space

diffusion, clean rooms, and heat-transfer developments.

Wang S. - Handbook of Air Conditioning and Refrigeration.pdf

Plik z chomika:

Inne pliki z tego folderu:

Inne foldery tego chomika: