TRAINING.pdf

FM 3-25.150(FM 21-150)

CHAPTER 2

TRAINING

This chapter discusses the trainer’s role in teaching and sustaining

effective hand-to-hand combat. It also discusses unit training, training

areas, teaching techniques, and safety precautions that must be

considered before conducting combatives training.

Section I. TRAIN-THE-TRAINER

Professional instruction is the key to success in combatives training. Instructors must be

physically fit and highly proficient in the demonstration and practical application of the

skills. They must review and be familiar with this manual. Confidence, enthusiasm, and

technical expertise are essential for success in teaching hand-to-hand combat. Assistant

instructors must also be properly trained to help supervise and demonstrate maneuvers.

Selecting the trainers is the first step in establishing an effective program.

2-1. RESPONSIBILITIES OF TRAINERS

Diligent effort is needed to perfect the various hand-to-hand combat techniques, to apply

them instinctively, and to teach others to safely master them. The following instructor

responsibilities are the core of planning and executing combatives training.

a. Seek maximum efficiency with minimum effort. Continually strive to reduce all

unnecessary explanations, movement, and activity. Streamline the training without

compromising content, efficiency, or safety.

b. Stress cooperation and technical mastery. Promote suppleness and controlling

aggression.

c. Reinforce the details of each technique and provide positive feedback when

warranted. Use occasional humor to motivate soldiers, but avoid degrading or insulting

them.

d. Ensure serviceable training aids are present in sufficient quantities for all soldiers

being trained. Ensure training areas are well maintained and free of dangerous

obstructions.

e. Ensure instructors and assistant instructors are well-rehearsed and prepared before

all training sessions. Conduct instructor training at least five hours weekly to maintain a

high skill level.

f. Develop as many skilled combatives instructors for each unit as possible.

Instructor-to-soldier ratios should not exceed 1 instructor for 20 soldiers. Encourage

after-duty training and education for instructors.

g. Require strict discipline of all soldiers.

2-2. SAFETY PRECAUTIONS

To prevent injuries, the instructor must consider the following safety precautions before

conducting combatives training.

a. Supervise all practical work closely and constantly. Never leave a group

unsupervised.

2-1

FM 3-25.150

b. Familiarize the soldiers with each maneuver by a complete explanation and

demonstration before they attempt the moves.

c. Do not allow the soldiers to get ahead of the instruction.

d. Ensure the training partner offers no resistance, but allows the maneuver to be

freely executed during the learning stages and while perfecting the techniques.

e. Ensure there is adequate space between soldiers during all practical work

for

example, allow at least an 8-foot square for each pair of soldiers.

f. Ensure that soldiers empty their pockets, and remove their jewelry, and

identification tags before training.

g. Stress that only simulated strikes to vital points, such as the head, neck, and groin

area are to be executed. Soldiers may use light blows to other vulnerable areas; however,

they must exercise caution at all times.

h. Ensure that soldiers understand the use of both physical tapping and verbal signals

to indicate to the partner when to stop the pressure in grappling and choking techniques.

i. Make sure soldiers warm up and stretch properly before practical work.

j. Teach and practice falls before conducting throws.

k. Ensure that the soldier to be disarmed does not place his finger in the trigger

guard during rifle and bayonet disarming.

l. Make sure soldiers keep scabbards on knives and bayonets firmly attached to

rifles while learning bayonet disarming methods.

m. Use bayonet scabbards or rubber knives during knife disarming training.

n. If utilizing a sawdust pit, inspect all sandbags on retaining wall before conduct of

training to ensure that all bags are serviceable, at least 75 percent full, and that the entire

retaining wall is covered with sandbags. Any bag placed where personnel are likely to

fall will be filled with the same consistency filler as the sawdust in the pit and will also

provide a minimum of 6 inches of sawdust.

o. Maintain a buffer zone of 6 feet from retainer wall and demonstration area during

all training, especially training requiring throws and takedowns by students.

p. Rake the training pit to loosen sawdust and remove all sharp objects. Properly

inspect the pit so that all safety hazards are removed before instruction or demonstrations

are executed.

q. Perform inspections of the depth of sawdust with enough time before training to

resurface the pit. Remember that new sawdust will need to be raked and inspected for

foreign objects that may cause injuries.

Section II. UNIT TRAINING

Entry-level soldiers receive a training base in combatives during basic training and

one-station unit training (OSUT). Advanced individual training (AIT) commanders

should review the training presented during basic training and, as time permits, expand

into the more advanced techniques discussed in this manual. For soldiers to achieve and

sustain proficiency levels regular units must incorporate combatives into an organized

training program to include situational training exercises (Appendix A).

2-2

FM 3-25.150

2-3. BASIC OR ONE-STATION UNIT TRAINING

This is a suggested training program for basic training or OSUT. It is based on ten hours

of available training time, divided into five periods of two hours each. Training should

start with ground grappling, which is not only easier both to teach and to learn, but also

provides a sound base for the more difficult standing techniques. A program should not

begin with techniques that will take a long time to master. The result would be almost

uniform disillusionment with combatives in general.

a. Period 1 (2 hours).

•

Introduction to combatives safety.

Combat demonstration performed by instructors or trainers to gain attention

and to motivate soldiers.

Warm-ups and stretches.

Stand up in base.

Escape the mount by trap and roll.

Pass the guard.

Achieve the mount.

Drill No. 1, 10 to 15 repetitions; escape the mount, pass the guard, achieve the

mount, in sequence.

Escape the mount by shrimp to the guard.

Escape the mount drill.

b. Period 2 (2 hours).

•

Warm-ups and stretches.

Drill No. 1, ten repetitions.

Arm push and roll to the rear mount.

Escape the rear mount.

Drill No. 2: Arm push and roll to the back mount, escape the back mount.

Grappling for position, five minutes and then change partners. Repeat for

duration of class.

c. Period 3 (2 hours).

•

Warm-ups and stretches.

Drill No. 1, ten repetitions.

Drill No. 2, ten repetitions.

Introduction to choking.

Rear naked choke.

Cross collar choke from the mount and guard.

Front guillotine choke.

d. Period 4 (2 hours).

•

Warm-ups and stretches.

Drill No. 1, ten repetitions.

Drill No. 2, ten repetitions.

Bent arm bar from the mount and cross mount.

Straight arm bar from the mount.

Straight arm bar from the guard.

Sweep from straight arm bar attempt.

2-3

FM 3-25.150

e. Period 5 (2 hours).

•

Warm-ups and stretches.

Drill No. 1, ten repetitions.

Drill No. 2, ten repetitions.

Review.

Rules introduction.

Competition.

2-4. UNIT SUSTAINMENT TRAINING PROGRAM

Command emphasis is the key to a successful combatives program. Combatives training

sessions should be regular, and should be included on unit training schedules at company

and platoon level.

a. Successful unit combatives programs continue to focus on the core techniques

taught in the basic training or OSUT program. Mastery of these moves will result in more

proficient fighters than exposure to a large number of techniques will.

b. As the level of proficiency rises the natural progression of moves is as follows:

•

Advanced ground grappling.

Takedowns.

Strikes and kicks.

Fight strategy.

Situational training.

c. Primary trainers should be designated at all levels. Regular training sessions with

these trainers will ensure the quality of training at the small unit level.

d. Primary trainers should be of the appropriate rank; for instance, a platoon primary

trainer should be a squad leader or the platoon sergeant to ensure that the training actually

occurs.

e. Modern combatives allow soldiers to compete safely. To inspire the pursuit of

excellence, individual soldiers may compete during organizational day. Leaders may also

call squads, sections, or individuals to compete randomly as a method of inspecting

training levels. All combatives competitions should be conducted IAW rules established

in Appendix B of this manual. However, competition should not become the focus of

combatives training, but remain a tool to inspire further training.

Section III. TRAINING AREAS

An advantage of combatives training is that it can be conducted almost anywhere with

little preparation of the training area.

2-5. TRAINING FORMATIONS

Formations used for physical training may also be used for combatives training

(FM 21-20). If the extended rectangular formation is used, the first and third ranks should

face the second and fourth ranks so that each soldier is directly across him a partner.

A large, grassy, outdoor area free of obstructions is suitable for training. Each pair of

soldiers should have an 8-foot square training space. When practicing throws or

disarming techniques, soldiers need twice the normal interval between ranks. Instructors

also pair soldiers according to height and weight.

2-4

FM 3-25.150

2-6. MATTED ROOM

Because inclement weather can be a training distracter, the best training area is an indoor,

climate-controlled facility with both padded floor and walls. Mats should be sufficiently

firm to allow free movement, but provide enough impact absorption to allow safe throws

and takedowns.

2-7. PIT CONSTRUCTION

A common area for teaching hand-to-hand combat is a sawdust pit. Sawdust pits are

designed to teach throws and falls safely, but are not very suitable for ground fighting.

Figure 2-1 shows a training area for 200 soldiers with a sawdust pit surrounding an

instructor and a demonstrator platform.

a. To construct the pit, dig out and level an area 50 meters wide, and build a

retaining wall at least 24 inches high. The wall can be cinderblocks, sandbags, or dirt if

other materials are not available. (To prevent injuries when using a cinderblock retaining

wall, cover the wall and the top of the wall with sandbags.) Place a layer of plastic

sheeting on the ground to prevent the growth of grass and weeds, and place a sand base

up to 12 inches deep on top of the plastic. Then, place a layer of sawdust about 6 inches

deep on top of the sand.

b. Build a 14-foot square demonstration area (Figure 2-1) in the center of the pit

with the same type of retaining wall described in paragraph a. This area should be large

enough for two demonstrators and the primary instructor.

Figure 2-1. Combatives training pit.

2-5

Plik z chomika:

Inne pliki z tego folderu:

Inne foldery tego chomika: