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FM 3-25.150(FM 21-150)
CHAPTER 2
TRAINING
This chapter discusses the trainer’s role in teaching and sustaining
effective hand-to-hand combat. It also discusses unit training, training
areas, teaching techniques, and safety precautions that must be
considered before conducting combatives training.
Section I. TRAIN-THE-TRAINER
Professional instruction is the key to success in combatives training. Instructors must be
physically fit and highly proficient in the demonstration and practical application of the
skills. They must review and be familiar with this manual. Confidence, enthusiasm, and
technical expertise are essential for success in teaching hand-to-hand combat. Assistant
instructors must also be properly trained to help supervise and demonstrate maneuvers.
Selecting the trainers is the first step in establishing an effective program.
2-1. RESPONSIBILITIES OF TRAINERS
Diligent effort is needed to perfect the various hand-to-hand combat techniques, to apply
them instinctively, and to teach others to safely master them. The following instructor
responsibilities are the core of planning and executing combatives training.
a. Seek maximum efficiency with minimum effort. Continually strive to reduce all
unnecessary explanations, movement, and activity. Streamline the training without
compromising content, efficiency, or safety.
b. Stress cooperation and technical mastery. Promote suppleness and controlling
aggression.
c. Reinforce the details of each technique and provide positive feedback when
warranted. Use occasional humor to motivate soldiers, but avoid degrading or insulting
them.
d. Ensure serviceable training aids are present in sufficient quantities for all soldiers
being trained. Ensure training areas are well maintained and free of dangerous
obstructions.
e. Ensure instructors and assistant instructors are well-rehearsed and prepared before
all training sessions. Conduct instructor training at least five hours weekly to maintain a
high skill level.
f. Develop as many skilled combatives instructors for each unit as possible.
Instructor-to-soldier ratios should not exceed 1 instructor for 20 soldiers. Encourage
after-duty training and education for instructors.
g. Require strict discipline of all soldiers.
2-2. SAFETY PRECAUTIONS
To prevent injuries, the instructor must consider the following safety precautions before
conducting combatives training.
a. Supervise all practical work closely and constantly. Never leave a group
unsupervised.
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FM 3-25.150
b. Familiarize the soldiers with each maneuver by a complete explanation and
demonstration before they attempt the moves.
c. Do not allow the soldiers to get ahead of the instruction.
d. Ensure the training partner offers no resistance, but allows the maneuver to be
freely executed during the learning stages and while perfecting the techniques.
e. Ensure there is adequate space between soldiers during all practical work
for
example, allow at least an 8-foot square for each pair of soldiers.
f. Ensure that soldiers empty their pockets, and remove their jewelry, and
identification tags before training.
g. Stress that only simulated strikes to vital points, such as the head, neck, and groin
area are to be executed. Soldiers may use light blows to other vulnerable areas; however,
they must exercise caution at all times.
h. Ensure that soldiers understand the use of both physical tapping and verbal signals
to indicate to the partner when to stop the pressure in grappling and choking techniques.
i. Make sure soldiers warm up and stretch properly before practical work.
j. Teach and practice falls before conducting throws.
k. Ensure that the soldier to be disarmed does not place his finger in the trigger
guard during rifle and bayonet disarming.
l. Make sure soldiers keep scabbards on knives and bayonets firmly attached to
rifles while learning bayonet disarming methods.
m. Use bayonet scabbards or rubber knives during knife disarming training.
n. If utilizing a sawdust pit, inspect all sandbags on retaining wall before conduct of
training to ensure that all bags are serviceable, at least 75 percent full, and that the entire
retaining wall is covered with sandbags. Any bag placed where personnel are likely to
fall will be filled with the same consistency filler as the sawdust in the pit and will also
provide a minimum of 6 inches of sawdust.
o. Maintain a buffer zone of 6 feet from retainer wall and demonstration area during
all training, especially training requiring throws and takedowns by students.
p. Rake the training pit to loosen sawdust and remove all sharp objects. Properly
inspect the pit so that all safety hazards are removed before instruction or demonstrations
are executed.
q. Perform inspections of the depth of sawdust with enough time before training to
resurface the pit. Remember that new sawdust will need to be raked and inspected for
foreign objects that may cause injuries.
Section II. UNIT TRAINING
Entry-level soldiers receive a training base in combatives during basic training and
one-station unit training (OSUT). Advanced individual training (AIT) commanders
should review the training presented during basic training and, as time permits, expand
into the more advanced techniques discussed in this manual. For soldiers to achieve and
sustain proficiency levels regular units must incorporate combatives into an organized
training program to include situational training exercises (Appendix A).
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FM 3-25.150
2-3. BASIC OR ONE-STATION UNIT TRAINING
This is a suggested training program for basic training or OSUT. It is based on ten hours
of available training time, divided into five periods of two hours each. Training should
start with ground grappling, which is not only easier both to teach and to learn, but also
provides a sound base for the more difficult standing techniques. A program should not
begin with techniques that will take a long time to master. The result would be almost
uniform disillusionment with combatives in general.
a.
Period 1 (2 hours).
•
Introduction to combatives safety.
Combat demonstration performed by instructors or trainers to gain attention
and to motivate soldiers.
Warm-ups and stretches.
Stand up in base.
Escape the mount by trap and roll.
Pass the guard.
Achieve the mount.
Drill No. 1, 10 to 15 repetitions; escape the mount, pass the guard, achieve the
mount, in sequence.
Escape the mount by shrimp to the guard.
Escape the mount drill.
b.
Period 2 (2 hours).
•
Warm-ups and stretches.
Drill No. 1, ten repetitions.
Arm push and roll to the rear mount.
Escape the rear mount.
Drill No. 2: Arm push and roll to the back mount, escape the back mount.
Grappling for position, five minutes and then change partners. Repeat for
duration of class.
c.
Period 3 (2 hours).
•
Warm-ups and stretches.
Drill No. 1, ten repetitions.
Drill No. 2, ten repetitions.
Introduction to choking.
Rear naked choke.
Cross collar choke from the mount and guard.
Front guillotine choke.
d.
Period 4 (2 hours).
•
Warm-ups and stretches.
Drill No. 1, ten repetitions.
Drill No. 2, ten repetitions.
Bent arm bar from the mount and cross mount.
Straight arm bar from the mount.
Straight arm bar from the guard.
Sweep from straight arm bar attempt.
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FM 3-25.150
e.
Period 5 (2 hours).
•
Warm-ups and stretches.
Drill No. 1, ten repetitions.
Drill No. 2, ten repetitions.
Review.
Rules introduction.
Competition.
2-4. UNIT SUSTAINMENT TRAINING PROGRAM
Command emphasis is the key to a successful combatives program. Combatives training
sessions should be regular, and should be included on unit training schedules at company
and platoon level.
a. Successful unit combatives programs continue to focus on the core techniques
taught in the basic training or OSUT program. Mastery of these moves will result in more
proficient fighters than exposure to a large number of techniques will.
b. As the level of proficiency rises the natural progression of moves is as follows:
•
Advanced ground grappling.
Takedowns.
Strikes and kicks.
Fight strategy.
Situational training.
c. Primary trainers should be designated at all levels. Regular training sessions with
these trainers will ensure the quality of training at the small unit level.
d. Primary trainers should be of the appropriate rank; for instance, a platoon primary
trainer should be a squad leader or the platoon sergeant to ensure that the training actually
occurs.
e. Modern combatives allow soldiers to compete safely. To inspire the pursuit of
excellence, individual soldiers may compete during organizational day. Leaders may also
call squads, sections, or individuals to compete randomly as a method of inspecting
training levels. All combatives competitions should be conducted IAW rules established
in Appendix B of this manual. However, competition should not become the focus of
combatives training, but remain a tool to inspire further training.
Section III. TRAINING AREAS
An advantage of combatives training is that it can be conducted almost anywhere with
little preparation of the training area.
2-5. TRAINING FORMATIONS
Formations used for physical training may also be used for combatives training
(FM 21-20). If the extended rectangular formation is used, the first and third ranks should
face the second and fourth ranks so that each soldier is directly across him a partner.
A large, grassy, outdoor area free of obstructions is suitable for training. Each pair of
soldiers should have an 8-foot square training space. When practicing throws or
disarming techniques, soldiers need twice the normal interval between ranks. Instructors
also pair soldiers according to height and weight.
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FM 3-25.150
2-6. MATTED ROOM
Because inclement weather can be a training distracter, the best training area is an indoor,
climate-controlled facility with both padded floor and walls. Mats should be sufficiently
firm to allow free movement, but provide enough impact absorption to allow safe throws
and takedowns.
2-7. PIT CONSTRUCTION
A common area for teaching hand-to-hand combat is a sawdust pit. Sawdust pits are
designed to teach throws and falls safely, but are not very suitable for ground fighting.
Figure 2-1 shows a training area for 200 soldiers with a sawdust pit surrounding an
instructor and a demonstrator platform.
a. To construct the pit, dig out and level an area 50 meters wide, and build a
retaining wall at least 24 inches high. The wall can be cinderblocks, sandbags, or dirt if
other materials are not available. (To prevent injuries when using a cinderblock retaining
wall, cover the wall and the top of the wall with sandbags.) Place a layer of plastic
sheeting on the ground to prevent the growth of grass and weeds, and place a sand base
up to 12 inches deep on top of the plastic. Then, place a layer of sawdust about 6 inches
deep on top of the sand.
b. Build a 14-foot square demonstration area (Figure 2-1) in the center of the pit
with the same type of retaining wall described in paragraph a. This area should be large
enough for two demonstrators and the primary instructor.
Figure 2-1. Combatives training pit.
2-5
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COMPETITIONS.pdf
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SITUATIONAL TRAINING.pdf
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