COULD HAVE DONE

Sugeruje, że ktoś miał możność, zdolność zrobienia czegoś ale tego nie zrobił.

·        I could have lent you the money. Why didn’t you ask me?

·         You could have told me earlier.

·         He could have won the game but he didn’t try.

COULDN’T HAVE DONE / CAN’T HAVE DONE

( I’m sure it didn’t happen.)                          ( I’m sure it hasn’t happened.)

Wyraża  NIEMOŻLIWOŚĆ; kiedy analizujemy jakąś sytuację i wyciągamy wnioski dotyczące przeszłości; mówimy wtedy, że to niemożliwe aby coś sie mogło wydarzyć.

* She couldn’t have gone to her mother by car                     *He is not here but he can’t have gone very far

yesterday because the car was standing at the                           because he has left the key in the door.

garage.

MUST HAVE DONE

wnioskowanie odnoszące się do przeszłości;

·         He didn’t phone me. He must have been away.

·         I must have left my umbrella on the bus.

·         The thieves must have climbed in through this broken window.

                                                                                              Negative—can’t have done / couldn’t have done

MAY/MIGHT HAVE DONE

Spekulacje dotyczące przeszłości; wyraża MOŻLIWOŚĆ w przeszłości;

·        It’s surprising that she hasn’t rung you, but she may have forgotten about it.

·        She may not have received your letter…..

SHOULD/SHOULDN’T HAVE DONE

·        You should have told me about it!

·        You shouldn’t have written that letter!

NEEDN’T HAVE DONE

Nie było konieczności a mimo to ktoś coś zrobił (niepotrzebnie!)

·        You needn’t have carried all those books yourself.

·        You needn’t have cleaned the room. I did it yesterday.