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Encyclopedia of the World‘s Coastal Landforms
Eric C. F. Bird
Editor
Encyclopedia of the
World‘s Coastal Landforms
Volume I
With 1379 Figures
123
Editor
Eric C.F. Bird, M.Sc. (Lond. and Melb.) Ph.D. (ANU)
Principal Fellow in Geomorphology
University of Melbourne
and
Director, Geostudies
343 Beach Road
Black Rock, Victoria 3193
Australia
ecfb@unimelb.edu.au
ISBN 978-1-4020-8638-0
This publication is available also as:
Electronic publication under ISBN 978-1-4020-8639-7
Print and electronic bundle under ISBN 978-1-4020-8640-3
DOI 10.1007/978-1-4020-8640-3
Springer Dordrecht Heidelberg London New York
Library of Congress Control Number: 2009938922
© Springer Science+Business Media B.V. 2010
All rights reserved: Chapters 8.2, 8.15, 9.4, 10.1, 11.2, 11.3, 18.1 and 20.5
Every eff ort has been made to contact the copyright holders of the fi gures and tables which have been reproduced from other sources.
Anyone who has not been properly credited is requested to contact the publishers, so that due acknowledgment may be made in subse-
quent editions.
No part of this work may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical,
photocopying, microfi lming, recording or otherwise, without written permission from the Publisher, with the exception of any material
supplied specifi cally for the purpose of being entered and executed on a computer system, for exclusive use by the purchaser of the
work.
Cover fi gures: Images 5084487, 5078544 and 5333716 from photos.com. © 2010 photos.com
Printed on acid-free paper
Springer is part of Springer Science+Business Media (www.springer.com)
Preface
Encyclopedia of the World’s Coastal Landforms
is an account of the various kinds of coastal morphology found on the
world’s coastlines. It is presented in 224 chapters, based on national, state, or county divisions, and arranged in a sequence
that proceeds counterclockwise around the continents. e sequence begins with Alaska, proceeds around North
America to Arctic Canada, then Greenland and nally, Iceland. Another counterclockwise sequence begins with Norway
and proceeds by way of Europe and the Mediterranean around Africa to India, Southeast Asia, China, Korea, and the
Paci c and Arctic coasts of Russia. Interruptions are made at appropriate points to include the Great Lakes, the Caspian
Sea, and islands such as Britain, Madagascar, and Japan. e sequence is completed with the Philippines, Indonesia,
Papua New Guinea, Australia, New Zealand, the islands of the Paci c, Atlantic, and Indian Oceans, and nally
Antarctica.
is work was preceded by e World’s Coastline, edited by Eric C. F. Bird and Maurice L. Schwartz and published
by Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York, in 1985. An internet version was published by Kluwer Academic Publishers
in 2004.
is 2010 edition has also been produced with the aid of 123 contributors. It includes 1,379 illustrations and cites
numerous references. e focus is on coastal geomorphology, with accounts of features seen along the coastline, illustrat-
ing sites of special scienti c interest. It provides access to the large amount of data that has been assembled, to ensure
that it will not just disappear over the next few years. It is now much more di cult for scientists to make broad coastal
surveys as they are required to specialise more, which usually means they work on small selected coastal sites. is book
will allow the scientists to place their work in a global context and make comparisons with similar coasts in other parts
of the world.
Coastal geomorphology has several interest groups. Some focus on the shaping of coastal landforms in relation to
geology, processes, variations in climate, and the relative levels of land and sea. Others concentrate on coastline changes
measured over speci ed periods, with analyses of their causes. Others are interested in nearshore processes and responses,
particularly beaches, where morphodynamic models have been most successful. Others look to the coastal area for evi-
dence of Quaternary history, notably changes in land- and sea level and climatic variations. Others examine the sources
and patterns of movement of coastal sediment, or the array of physical-, chemical-, and biological weathering processes
in the coastal zone. Coastal managers want information on how landforms are changing, what processes are at work on
them, how they will change in the future, and what e ects will result from the development of various kinds. e chapters
presented in this version of
Encyclopedia of the World’s Coastal Landforms
re ect the interests of their authors, but an
attempt is made to serve the wide range of interests of coastal geomorphologists.
e work was designed initially for scientists needing to identify locations and distributions of coastal features and
to make comparisons between coastal landforms in various parts of the world. However, it will also be of value to people
seeking general information on coastal landforms in the various countries around the world, including those planning
travel and exploration of coastal regions. Armchair travellers can use it to make substantial journeys around the world’s
coasts, enjoying a succession of visual images. Indeed, it is unique in presenting the wide variations in scenery and envi-
ronment that occur on the world’s coastline.
I would like to thank Lew Ward for processing the edited material and illustrations. In assembling the work, I had
help from librarians in the University of Melbourne, notably David Jones, Map Curator in the Education Resource
Centre. In Black Rock I had assistance from Dr. Juliet Bird, and from Myriam, Audrey, Ingrid, and Céline Vinot.
Eric C. F. Bird
Geostudies, Melbourne, Australia
January 2010
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