- sidetall øverst
- det er en serie med intervjuer, et for hvert kapittel. Eg har latt intervjuerne stå oppførst i innholdsfortegnelsen. De blir som en slags forfatter, sjølv om det er foucault som snakker.
- Fotnoter samlet i slutten av hvert kappittel, markert i word-innholdsfortegnelsen.
Gordon, Colin (ed.) POWER/KNOWLEDGE Interviews and Other Writings 1972—1977 - Michel Foucault. New York: Pantheon Books 1
Noter om layout: 1
Innholdsfortegnelse i word: 1
POWER/KNOWLEDGE Interviews and Other Writings 1972—1977 - Michel Foucault 3
CONTENTS 4
PREFACE 5
TRANSLATIONS AND SOURCES 8
POWER/KNOWLEDGE Interviews and Other Writings 1972—1977 9
1. ON POPULAR JUSTICE: A Discussion with Maoists 9
Notes 29
2. PRISON TALK. Interviewer: J.-J. Brochier. 30
Notes 41
3. BODY/POWE - Interviewers: editorial collective of Quel Corps? 42
4. QUESTIONS ON GEOGRAPHY 47
5. TWO LECTURES 56
Notes 75
6. TRUTH AND POWER - Interviewers: Alessandro Fontana, Pasquale Pasquino. 75
Note 89
7. POWERS AND STRATEGIES - Interviewers: editorial collective of Les revoltes logiques—Jean Borreil, Genevieve Fraisse, Jacques Ranciere, Pierre Saint-Germain, Michel Souletie, Patrick Vauday, Patrice Vermeren. 90
Notes 97
8. THE EYE OF POWER - A conversation with Jean-Pierre Barou and Michelle Perrot 97
Notes 109
9. THE POLITICS OF HEALTH IN THE EIGHTEENTH CENTURY 111
Notes 120
10. THE HISTORY OF SEXUALITY - Interviewer: Lucette Finas 122
11. THE CONFESSION OF THE FLESH - A conversation with Alain Grosrichard, Gerard Wajeman, Jaques-Alain Miller, Guy Le Gaufey, Dominique Celas, Gerard Miller, Catherine Millot, Jocelyne Livi and Judith Miller. 128
Note 149
AFTERWORD 150
BIBLIOGRAPHY: Writings of Michel Foucault 170
1. Books 170
2 Translations, editions, prefaces 171
3. Articles, reviews and lectures 172
4. Discussions and interviews 175
About the Author 177
Also by Michel Foucault
Madness and Civilization: A History of Insanity in the Age of Reason
The Order of Things: An Archaeology of the Human Sciences
The Archaeology of Knowledge (and The Discourse on Language) The Birth of the Clinic: An Archaeology of Medical Perception
I, Pierre Riviere, having slaughtered my mother, my sister, and my
brother... A Case of Parricide in the Nineteenth Century Discipline and Punish: The Birth of the Prison The History of Sexuality, Volumes 1, 2, and 3
Herculine Barbin, Being the Recently Discovered Memoirs of a
Nineteenth-Century French Hermaphrodite
The Foucault Reader (edited by Paul Rabinow)
Edited by
COLIN GORDON
Translated by
COLIN GORDON, LEO MARSHALL JOHN MEPHAM, KATE SOPER
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Pantheon Rooks, New York
Copyright © 1972, 1975, 1976, 1977 by Michel Foucault Preface and Afterword Copyright © 1980 by Colin Gordon Bibliography Copyright © 1980 by Colin Gordon This collection Copyright © 1980 by The Harvester Press
All rights reserved tinder International and Pan-American Copyright Conventions. Published in the United States by Pantheon Books, a division of Random House, Inc., New York, and simultaneously in Canada by Random House of Canada Limited, Toronto. Originally published in Great Britain by The Harvester Press, Limited.
LIBRARY OF CONGRESS CATALOGING IN PUBLICATION DATA
Foucault, Michel. Power/knowledge.
Bibliography: p.
((1))
. Power (Social sciences) I. Gordon, Colin. II. Title.
HM291.F59 303.3"3 79-3308
ISBN 0-394-51357-6
ISBN 0-394-73954-x (pbk.)
Manufactured in the United States of America C9876
Michel Foucault's name, at least, must now be a familiar one to English-speaking readers, since this is the tenth volume of his writings to have been translated within the last dozen years. But perhaps the distinctive features of his work have not always been easy for us to discern from among that gyrating nebula of Gallic luminaries which we have been so arduously and querulously observing during the span of Foucault's career to date. One of the motives for fabricating, in translation, this further Foucault `book' has therefore been the hope that it will facilitate access to works that are, at least in principle, already available: to construct a sort of non-didactic primer made up of texts in which the author himself explains in straightforward and informal terms some stages and facets of his work and the preoccupations that traverse it. By bringing into clearer focus the political and intellectual environment in which this work has been carried out, this volume should help to undo some of the obfuscating effects commonly produced by the use of such vague and 'polemical labels as `structuralism' and `post-Marxism', and hence make possible a more informed estimate of its significance within contemporary thought, or, to speak less grandly, of the interest, utility and pleasure it offers us.
A few words about the material selected. All the pieces date from since Foucault's election, following a brief spell as one of the founders of the experimental University of Vincennes, to the chair of History of Systems of Thought at the College de France; within his published output, they succeed his two methodological and programmatic texts, The Archaeology of Knowledge (1969) and The Order of Discourse (1970). With the exception of Chapter 1, which is a discussion occasioned by an episode in post-1968 revolutionary French politics, all of the book is closely linked to the themes and arguments of Foucault's two most recent
works, Discipline and Punish (1975) and The Will to Know: History of Sexuality 1 (1976). We have sought to minimise internal redundancies, and have omitted items already widely available in English. The resulting pattern is that of an aleatory, open-ended collage in which, from point to point and in changing contexts and perspectives, a certain number of figures and motifs recur. The forms and occasions of the pieces, the identity of the interlocutors and the origin and point of the questions posed are numerous and diverse. Some texts are more or less direct oral transcripts, others are writings in a more orthodox sense. Some have never appeared in France, or are no longer available there.
The diversity of this volume's sources (documented in a separate note below) gives an indication of the remarkable impact of Foucault's books in France and elsewhere, an impact by no means confined to the literary beau monde. What are in essence historical essays, albeit unconventional ones in their scope and form, have encountered a wide and receptive audience among the proliferating intellectual and militant action groups, campaigns, currents and publications which have been a feature of the international terrain since the 1960s. One should note that this volume does not represent Foucault's important and extensive journalistic output on topics including capital punishment, abortion, suicide, prison revolts and the recurring scandals of justice and psychiatry (not to speak of their everyday norms), crime and punishment in the Soviet Union, China and Iran, and the popular uprising in the latter country. Some of his articles, notably those on the application of the guillotine by Presidents Pompidou and Giscard, have a philippic force rare in contemporary writing. What is striking about the discussions collected here is the way in which the dimensions of history and philosophy are brought to intersect and interact with this same detailed confrontation of present actuality.
It would nevertheless be misplaced to set about installing Foucault within the lineage of Voltaire, Zola and Sartre, French tradition of great intellectual paladins of justice and truth. For reasons which his analysis of the twilight of the `universal intellectual' (see p. 126ff) makes clear, Foucault has persistently and dexterously avoided the canonical roles
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of revolutionary guru, great-and-good writer or `master-thinker'. This feature of his personal trajectory, while making it less readily visible from afar than those of other illustrious contemporaries and predecessors, may perhaps turn out to be as seminal as any system of theoretical positions to be extracted from his books. At any rate, part of the interest of the present volume lies in the complex relationship it documents between a singular intellectual venture and some common issues posed by our recent historical experiences. Collaborative, consciously pro-visional, often fragmentary and digressive, abounding in hypotheses and sparing in conclusions, these dialogues manifest their own kind of rigour through an abiding concern, constant throughout Foucault's work, to question and understand the fluctuating possibilities, the necessary or contingent historical limits of intellectual discourse itself. The problematic of `pouvoir-savoir', power and knowledge, which has given this book its title, is a fundamental theme of Foucault's historical studies of the genealogy of the human sciences: it is also, ineluctably, a fundamental question concerning our present.
This also means that these discussions, given their location in time and space, have to do with the events of May 1968 and the transformations of political thought and practice which these events were seen as inaugurating. Now, some years later, one can tentatively identify the years around 1972–1977 in France as an unusual and fascinating, albeit confused, period, during which new lines of investigation and critique emerged on the intellectual scene in a relation-ship of mutual stimulation with new modes of political struggle conducted at a multiplicity of distinct sites within society. This is not of course to say that France has been unique in this respect, nor that the relationship in question should be understood as having provided these new zones of militancy with a set of perfect and reciprocal political and theoretical legitimations. In France, moreover, many would now see this period of intellectual ebullition and pervasive `local struggles' as over, ended—at the latest—by the electoral debacle of 1978. But if these years' climate of immediate optimism has for the moment given way—and not only in France—to one of morosite, something of their
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vitality will, we hope, be transmitted through the present texts.
The chapters in this book are arranged in approximate chronological order. Readers new to Foucault may however prefer to start with Chapters 5 and 6, for a general overview, and Chapters 2 and 10, for presentations of the recent books. Foucault is his own best expositor and his writings are intractable material for the commentator's arts; I have, however, added as an appendix an essay in which I attempt a speculative summary of the philosophical background to Foucault's enterprise and its main conceptual architecture.
Chapter 1 is translated by John Mepham, Chapter 5 by Kate Soper, Chapter 10 by Leo Marshall and the remainder by Colin Gordon. Original titles and sources of the pieces are as follows:
Chapter 1: `Sur la justice populaire: debat avec les maos', in Les Temps Modernes 310 bis, 1972: a special issue entitled Nouveau fascisme, nouvelle democratie. Pierre Victor is co-author with Jean-Paul Sartre and Philippe Gavi of On a raison de se revolter (Paris, 1974).
Chapter 2: From Magazine Litteraire 101, June 1975, reprinted as `Les jeux du pouvoir' in D. Grisoni (ed.) Politiques de la Philosophie (1976).
Chapter 3: `Pouvoir et Corps', in Quel Corps?, September/ October 1975, reprinted in Quel Corps? (Petite collection maspero, Paris, 1978), a selection of material from this Marxist journal on physical education and sport.
Chapter 4: `Questions A Michel Foucault sur la geographie', in Herodote 1 (1976). Issue 4 of this Marxist geographers' journal contains responses to questions posed in return by Foucault.
Chapter 5: These two lectures, which have not appeared in French, were transcribed and translated by Alessandro Fontana and Pasquale Pasquino in Michel Foucault, Microfisica del Potere (Turin, 1977).
Chapter 6: `Intervista a Michel Foucault', in ibid. A (shortened and mutilated) French version appeared as `Verite et Pouvoir' in L'Arc 70 (1977).
Chapter 7: `Pouvoirs et Strategies' in Les Revoltes Logiques 4 (1977). The journal is produced by the Centre de Recherches sur les Ideologies de la Revolte.
Chapter 8: `L'Oeil du Pouvoir', published as a preface to Jeremy Bentham, Le Panoptique (Paris, Belfond, 1977). This comprises a facsimile of the French version (Paris, 1791) and a translation of the first part of the English version (Dublin and London) of Bentham's Panopticon,
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together with a postface by Michelle Perrot on Bentham and the Panopticon which has a useful bibliography. Michelle Perrot's works include Les ouvriers en greve (1974). The full English version of Bentham's text is contained in Volume IV of the Bowring edition of his works (Edinburgh 1838—43; Russel & Russel, New York, 1971).
Chapter 9: `La politique de la sante au XVIIIe siecle', in Michel Foucault, Blandine Barret-Kriegel, Anne Thalamy, Francois Beguin, Bruno Fortier, Les Machines å Guerir (aux origines de l'hopital moderne) (Institut de I'Environnement, Paris, 1976).
Chapter 10: `Les rapports de pouvoir passent å l'interieur des corps', in Quinzaine Litteraire 247, 1—15 January 1977. Chapter 11: `Le jeu de Michel Foucault' in Ornicar? 10 July 1977. The journal is published by members of the Depart-ment of Psychoanalysis at the University of Vincennes. A few preliminary remarks are omitted from this translation.
We are grateful to Michel Foucault for his friendly assistance and co-operation throughout the preparation of this volume. (It must be said that the Afterword is in no sense an authorised representation of his views.) We are also much indebted to Foucault's Italian editors and translators, Ales-sandro Fontana and Pasquale Pasquino, whose work formed the basis for this volume. We gratefully acknowledge per-mission from the Princeton University Press to quote in the Afterword from Albert O. Hirschman's The Passions and the Interests: Political Arguments for Capitalism before its triumph (1977). I would like to thank John Mepham for helping to organise the translations, Meaghan Morris and Paul Patton for kindly showing me their versions of Chapters 6 and 7 (see Bibliography), and Graham Burchell and Nikolas Rose fo...
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