AlternativeLEC3.pdf
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Microsoft PowerPoint - AlternativeLEC3
Alternative Water Treatment
Inactivation of waterborne pathogens
Membrane Technologies - Part 2
¡
Lecture 2 - Reminder
¡
Microbial pathogens removal
¡
Dimensioning
Alternative disinfectants - Part 1
¡
Kitchen salt
1
Lecture 1 - Reminder
Membrane technology Î basic terms
Concise Dictionary
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Array Î ukþad szeregowy
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Feed Î zasilanie (nadawa)
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Concentrate - koncentrat
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Brine Î solanka
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Permeate (product) Î permeat, filtrat
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Stage (bank) Î ukþad rwnolegþy
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Rejection Î usuwanie (procent usuwania)
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Solute Î substancja rozpuszczona;
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Solvent Î rozpuszczalnik;
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Flux Î strumieı;
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Scaling Î wytrĢcanie kamienia kotþowego;
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Fouling Î obrastanie;
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Rejection coefficient Î wspþczynnik zatrzymania
2
Lecture 1 - Reminder
Pathogen removal
ULTRAFILTRATION
MICROFILTRATION
3
Membrane technology
Î microbial pathogens removal
Target organisms and their size (US EPA):
¡
Enteric viruses 0,03 Î 0,1
µ
m
¡
Fecal Coliform 1 Î 4
µ
m
¡
Cryptosporidium 4 Î 6(7)
µ
m
¡
Giardia
7 Î 15
µ
m
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Fecal Coliform:
4
Membrane technology
Î microbial pathogens removal
Surrogate organisms for testing:
¡
Alternate microorganisms (MF, UF)
¡
Inert particles (MF,UF)
¡
Molecular markers (NF, RO)
Effective size of an appropriate surrogate should be equivalent to
or smaller than the lower bound of the size range of the target
organism
The Effective size of the surrogate should be characterized using
an upper bound of its size distribution such the 99,9th
percentile (narrow size and a high uniformity coefficient)
E.g. Lower size range of Cryptosporidium is 3
µ
m so surrogate
might be one in which 99 % of particles have a diameter of 1
µ
m or less.
5
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