Metallic Materials and Elements for Aerospace Vehicles Structures.pdf

INCH-POUND

MIL-HDBK-5H

1 December 1998

DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE

HANDBOOK

METALLIC MATERIALS AND ELEMENTS FOR

AEROSPACE VEHICLE STRUCTURES

This handbook is for guidance only.

Do not cite this document as a requirement.

(Knovel Interactive Edition 2003)

AMSC N/A

FSC 1560

DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT A . Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited.

Supersedes self-cover of MIL-HDBK-5H

MIL-HDBK-5H

1 October 2001

FOREWORD

1. This handbook is approved for use by all Departments and Agencies of the Department of Defense

and the Federal Aviation Administration.

2. This handbook is for guidance only. This handbook cannot be cited as a requirement. If it is, the

contractor does not have to comply.

3. Beneficial comments (recommendations, additions, deletions) and any pertinent data which may be of

use in improving this document should be addressed to: Chairman, MIL-HDBK-5 Coordination Activity

(937-656-9134 voice, 937-255-4997 fax), AFRL/MLSC, 2179 Twelfth St., Room 122, Wright-Patterson

AFB, OH 45433-7718, by using the Standardization Document Improvement Proposal (DD Form 1426)

appearing at the end of Chapter 1 or by letter if using the hard copy.

4. This document contains design information on the strength properties of metallic materials and

elements for aerospace vehicle structures. All information and data contained in this handbook have been

coordinated with the Air Force, Army, Navy, Federal Aviation Administration, and industry prior to

publication, and are being maintained as a joint effort of the Department of Defense and the Federal

Aviation Administration.

5. The electronic copy of the Handbook is technically consistent with the paper-copy Handbook;

however, minor differences exist in format; e.g., table or figure position. Depending on monitor size and

resolution setting, more data may be viewed without on-screen magnification. The figures were converted

to electronic format using one of several methods. For example, digitization or recomputation methods

were used on most of the engineering figures like typical stress-strain and effect of temperature, etc.

Scanning was used to capture informational figures such as those found in Chapters 1 and 9, as well as

most of the S/N curves and the majority of graphics in Chapters 4 through 7. These electronic figures

were also used to generate the paper copy figures to maintain equivalency between the paper copy and

electronic copy. In all cases, the electronic figures have been compared to the paper copy figures to

ensure the electronic figure was technically equivalent. Appendix E provides a detailed listing of all the

figures in the Handbook, along with a description of each figure’s format.

Supersedes page ii of MIL-HDBK-5H

MIL-HDBK-5H

1 October 2001

EXPLANATION OF NUMERICAL CODE

For chapters containing materials properties, a deci-numeric system is used to identify sections of

text, tables, and illustrations. This system is explained in the examples shown below. Variations of this

deci-numerical system are also used in Chapters 1, 8, and 9.

Example A

2.4.2.1.1

General material category (in this case, steel) ..........................................

A logical breakdown of the base material by family characteristics

(in this case, intermediate alloy steels); or for element properties .........................

Particular alloy to which all data are pertinent. If zero, section contains comments

on the family characteristics .......................................................

If zero, section contains comments specific to the alloy; if it is an integer, the

number identifies a specific temper or condition (heat treatment) ............................

Type of graphical data presented on a given figure

(see following description) ..........................................................

Example B

3.2.3.1.X

Aluminum .....................................................................

2000 Series Wrought Alloy .........................................................

2024 Alloy ........................................................................

T3, T351, T3510, T3511, T4, and T42 Tempers ...........................................

Specific Property as Follows ............................................................

Tensile properties (ultimate and yield strength)

........................................

Compressive yield and shear ultimate strengths ........................................

Bearing properties (ultimate and yield strength) ........................................

Modulus of elasticity, shear modulus

................................................

Elongation, total strain at failure, and reduction of area ..................................

Stress-strain curves, tangent-modulus curves

..........................................

Creep .........................................................................

Fatigue ........................................................................

Fatigue-Crack Propagation ........................................................

Fracture Toughness ..............................................................

iii/iv

MIL-HDBK-5H, Change Notice 1

1 October 2001

CONTENTS

Section

Page

Chapter 1

1.0

General ............................................................. 1-1

1.1

Purpose and Use of Document ............................................ 1-1

1.1.1

Introduction ..................................................... 1-1

1.1.2

Scope of Handbook ............................................... 1-2

Nomenclature

........................................................ 1-2

1.2

1.2.1

Symbols and Definitions ............................................ 1-2

1.2.2

International Systems of Units (SI) .................................... 1-2

1.3

Commonly Used Formulas

............................................... 1-2

1.3.1

General ........................................................ 1-2

1.3.2

Simple Unit Stresses

.............................................. 1-2

1.3.3

Combined Stresses (see Section 1.5.3.5) ................................ 1-3

1.3.4

Deflections (Axial) ................................................ 1-3

1.3.5

Deflections (Bending)

............................................. 1-3

1.3.6

Deflections (Torsion) .............................................. 1-3

1.3.7

Biaxial Elastic Deformation

......................................... 1-4

1.3.8

Basic Column Formula ............................................. 1-4

Basic Principles ....................................................... 1-4

1.4.1 General ........................................................ 1-4

1.4.2 Stress ......................................................... 1-5

1.4.3 Strain ......................................................... 1-5

1.4.4 Tensile Properties ................................................ 1-6

1.4.5 Compressive Properties ............................................ 1-8

1.4.6 Shear Properties ................................................. 1-9

1.4.7 Bearing Properties ................................................ 1-10

1.4.8 Temperature Effects .............................................. 1-10

1.4.9 Fatigue Properties ................................................ 1-12

1.4.10 Metallurgical Instability ............................................. 1-14

1.4.11 Biaxial Properties ................................................. 1-14

1.4.12 Fracture Toughness ............................................... 1-16

1.4.13 Fatigue-Crack-Propagation

1.4

......................................... 1-20

Types of Failures ...................................................... 1-24

1.5.1

1.5

General ........................................................ 1-24

1.5.2

Material Failures

................................................. 1-24

1.5.3

Instability Failures

................................................ 1-25

Columns

............................................................ 1-25

1.6

1.6.1

General ........................................................ 1-25

1.6.2

Primary Instability Failures .......................................... 1-25

NOTE: Information and data for alloys deleted from MIL-HDBK-5 may be obtained through the Chairman, MIL-HDBK-5

Coordination Activity.

Supersedes page I of MIL-HDBK-5H

MIL-HDBK-5H, Change Notice 1

1 October 2001

CONTENTS (Continued)

Page

Section

1.6.3

Local Instability Failure

............................................ 1-26

1.6.4

Correction of Column Test Results .................................... 1-26

1.7

Thin-Walled and Stiffened Thin-Walled Sections

............................... 1-33

References

.............................................................. 1-34

Chapter 2

2.0

Steel ............................................................... 2-1

General ............................................................. 2-1

2.1.1

2.1

Alloy Index ..................................................... 2-1

2.1.2

Material Properties

............................................... 2-2

2.1.3

Environmental Considerations ........................................ 2-5

Carbon Steels ......................................................... 2-6

2.2.0

2.2

Comments on Carbon Steels ......................................... 2-6

2.2.1

AISI 1025 ...................................................... 2-7

2.3

Low-Alloy Steels (AISI Grades and Proprietary Grades)

......................... 2-10

2.3.0

Comments on Low-Alloy Steels (AISI and Proprietary Grades)

............... 2-10

2.3.1

Specific Alloys ................................................... 2-15

Intermediate Alloy Steels

................................................ 2-67

2.4

2.4.0

Comments on Intermediate Alloy Steels

................................ 2-67

2.4.1

5Cr-Mo-V ...................................................... 2-67

2.4.2

9Ni-4Co-0.20C

.................................................. 2-75

2.4.3

9Ni-4Co-0.30C

.................................................. 2-80

2.5

High-Alloy Steels ...................................................... 2-92

2.5.0

Comments on High-Alloy Steels

...................................... 2-92

2.5.1

18 Ni Maraging Steels

............................................. 2-94

2.5.2

AF1410 ........................................................ 2-105

2.5.3

AerMet 100 ..................................................... 2-108

Precipitation and Transformation-Hardening Steels (Stainless) ...................... 2-116

2.6.0

2.6

Comments on Precipitation and Transformation-Hardening

Steels (Stainless) ................................................. 2-116

2.6.1

AM-350

....................................................... 2-116

2.6.2

AM-355

....................................................... 2-123

2.6.3

Custom 450 ..................................................... 2-129

2.6.4

Custom 455 ..................................................... 2-141

2.6.5

PH13-8Mo

..................................................... 2-152

2.6.6

15-5PH ........................................................ 2-172

2.6.7

PH15-7Mo

..................................................... 2-177

2.6.8

17-4PH ........................................................ 2-189

2.6.9

17-7PH ........................................................ 2-207

Austenitic Stainless Steels ................................................ 2-214

2.7.0

2.7

Comments on Austenitic Stainless Steel ................................. 2-214

2.7.1

AISI 301 ....................................................... 2-216

NOTE: Information and data for alloys deleted from MIL-HDBK-5 may be obtained through the Chairman, MIL-HDBK-5

Coordination Activity.

Supersedes page II of MIL-HDBK-5H

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