Tesla_Battery_Switch_PGFED.pdf

3. Energy can be returned to a battery power source by its own load

Tesla 4-battery system, Bedini 3-battery system, Ron Cole’s 1-battery system

Nikola Tesla’s 4-Battery Switch

Pupils in school are taught that if a bulb is connected across a battery, a current flows from the battery, through the

bulb and back to the battery. This current causes the bulb to light, and after a time, the battery runs down and is no

longer able to light the bulb. This is completely correct.

However, this teaching gives the wrong impression. It implies that the “work” done in lighting the bulb, uses up the

electricity coming from the battery and that the battery somehow has a store of electricity, something like the sand

in an hourglass or egg-timer, which when it runs out will no longer be able to light the bulb. Interestingly, those

same teachers will show the correct picture of the circuit, drawing it like this:

You will notice that the 1-amp current flowing out of the bulb is exactly the same as the 1-amp current flowing into

the bulb. Exactly the same amount of current comes out of the bulb as the current which flows into the bulb. So,

how much current is “used up” in doing the work of lighting the bulb? Answer: None . Energy is never destroyed,

the most that can happen to it is that it gets converted from one form to another.

So why does the battery end up not being able to light the bulb any more? Well, that is a feature of the way that

batteries operate. If the current flow is in one direction, then the battery gets charged up, and if it is in the other

direction, then the battery gets discharged:

The battery getting run down, has nothing to do with the current flowing through the bulb, the battery would get run

down if the bulb were left out of the circuit. The useful “work” of creating light by having the current flow through

the bulb, does not “use up” any current, and more importantly, it does not “use up” any energy. Energy cannot be

“used up” - it just gets transformed from one form to another. This is difficult to understand as we have been taught

that we have to keep buying energy from the electricity supply companies to power our equipment. The false idea

is that we buy the energy, and it then gets “used up” in the equipment, so we have to buy some more to keep the

equipment going. We accept it because that’s what we were taught. It isn’t true.

The current flowing through the bulb can be arranged to be a charging current for another battery. It can both light

the bulb and charge another battery without needing any extra current:

Here, the circuit is powered by battery 1 as before, but this time the current goes on to charge battery 2. Yes,

battery 1 gets discharged just as before, but the plus side is that battery 2 is getting charged up all the time. The

final step is to swap the batteries over:

And now, the newly charged battery 2 lights the bulb and charges up battery 1 again. Seem impossible? Well it

isn’t. Nikola Tesla demonstrates this with his “4-battery switch” system where he chooses to use four identical

batteries to implement this circuit:

With 12-volt batteries as shown here, the bulb has the same 12 volts across it as it would have had with the single

battery shown in the first diagram, as batteries 1 and 2 are wired “in series” to give 24 volts, while batteries 3 and 4

are wired “in parallel” to give 12 volts. Tesla arranged his circuit to swap the batteries over with 1 and 2 taking the

place of 3 and 4. He chose to do it in a slightly different way and he swapped the batteries over hundreds of times

per second.

The Weird stuff:

There is another important factor involved in battery-charging circuits to be used with normal lead-acid batteries

and that is the practical detail of the materials involved. The charging process in this switching circuit is carried out

by electrons flowing down the connecting wire and into the battery. The electrons flowing along the outer surface

of the wire, move very rapidly indeed. The main current inside the battery is carried by the charged ions inside the

lead plates inside the battery. These ions are hundreds of thousands of times heavier than the electrons. This

doesn’t matter at all once the ions get moving, but in the initial split second before the ions get going, the incoming

electrons pile up like in a traffic jam tail-back. This pile-up of electrons pushes up the voltage on the terminal of the

battery, well above the nominal battery voltage, and so the charging starts off with a high-voltage, high-current

pulse into the battery.

This is not normally noticed when using a standard mains-powered battery charger, as switch-on only occurs once

during the whole charging process. In the Tesla switch shown here, and in the Bedini circuits shown earlier, this is

not the case. The circuit takes advantage of this difference in momentum between the electrons and the lead ions,

and uses it repeatedly to great advantage. The technique is to use very short duration pulses all the time. If the

pulses are short enough, the voltage and current drive into the receiving battery is far greater than a quick glance

at the circuit would suggest. This is not magic, just common-sense characteristics of the materials being used in

this circuit.

A person unfamiliar with these systems, seeing John Bedini’s many advanced circuits for the first time, might get

the impression that they are just crude, roughly-built circuits. Nothing could be further from the truth. John often

uses mechanical switching because it gives very sharp switch-on and switch-off times. John is a complete master

of this circuitry and knows exactly what he is doing

The Electrodyne Corporation tested the Tesla 4-battery circuit over a period of three years. They found that at the

end of that period, the batteries did not show any unusual deterioration. The batteries used were ordinary lead-

acid batteries. The system operated lights, heaters, television sets, small motors and a 30-horsepower electric

motor. If the batteries were run down to a low level and then the circuit switch on with a load, the recharging of the

batteries took place in under one minute. No heating was experienced during this rapid charging. Heat was only

produced during discharge cycles. If left undisturbed, each battery would charge up to nearly 36 volts. Control

circuitry was developed to prevent this over-charging. They used mechanical switching and stated that below 100

Hz there was not much advantage with the circuit and above 800 Hz it could be dangerous.

They didn’t mention why they consider that higher rates of switching could be dangerous. If we consider what

exactly is happening, perhaps we can work out why they said that. The charging situation is like this:

At Time “A” the switch closes, connecting a voltage source (battery, charged capacitor, or whatever) to a lead-acid

battery. Electrons start flowing down the outside of the connecting wire. Being very light and having little

obstruction, they move very fast indeed (the electrons inside the wire only move a few inches per hour as getting

through the wire is difficult). All goes well until Time “B” when the leading electrons reach the lead plates inside the

battery. Here, they have a problem, because the current flow through the plates is carried by lead ions. Lead ions

are very good at carrying current, but it takes them a split second to get going due to their weight. That split

second is critical and it opens the door to free-energy. In that split second, the electrons pile up because they are

still arriving down the wire at very high speed. So, at Time “C” they have built up into a large body of electrons.

This large body of electrons has the same effect as if there had been a sudden connection to a much higher

voltage source capable of supplying a much higher current. This situation only lasts for a very short time, but it has

three very important effects. Firstly, at Time “D”, it drives a much larger current into the battery than could

reasonably expected from the original voltage source. Secondly, this effect alters the Zero-Point Energy field (the

space-time continuum) in which the circuit is located, causing extra energy to flow into the circuit from the outside

environment. This is a bit like sunshine generating current flow in an electric solar panel, but instead of visible

sunshine, the energy flow is not visible to us. Thirdly, the excess energy flows into the battery, charging it much

more than would be expected, and at the same time, some of the excess energy flows into the load, powering it as

well. The load could be a lamp, a motor, an inverter, a pump, a drill, or whatever.

So, excess energy is collected from the environment and used to both charge the battery and at the same time,

perform useful work. The old saying “you can’t have your cake and eat it” just does not hold in this situation as that

is exactly what happens. Instead of the battery being run down from powering the load, the load gets powered and

the battery gets charged up at the same time. This is why, with this system, a discharged battery can be used to

apparently run a motor. It works because the plates in the discharged battery are made of lead which forms a

bottleneck for the electron flow, causing the environment to charge the battery and run the load at the same time.

That is why you get what looks like the magical effect of a discharged battery appearing to power a load. In

passing, the more discharged the battery, the faster it charges as the environment adjusts automatically to the

situation and feeds greater power into a flat battery. The environment has unlimited power available for use. John

Bedini who is expert in this field has had motors running continuously for three or more years with the battery never

running down and the motor doing useful work all the time. Great battery? No, - great environment !!

For the vital build up of excess electrons to take place, the switch closure has to be very sudden and very effective.

A thyristor or “SCR” is suitable for this as once it is started, it switches on rapidly and fully. Sound good so far?

This is only the start. I suggest that the Tesla 4-battery switch circuit operated in the 100 Hz to 800 Hz region

operates in this way.

This situation can be further enhanced by suddenly cutting off the electron flow from the original voltage source

while the excess electron pile-up is still in place. This causes a sudden (very brief) further surge in the excess

power, building up the voltage and current even further and increasing the battery charging and load powering

drive.

An even greater effect can be had if the next, short, sharp pulse is applied to the battery/load combination, just

before the effect from the last pulse dies away. I suggest that this is the situation which the Electrodyne

Corporation people encountered when the pulse rate went over the 800 Hz rate. I suggest that it is not so much a

case that the battery and load could not take the power, but more a case that the components which they were

using were not rated high enough to carry that level of power. They do mention that if they went further, that they

found that some of their circuit components started failing through not having high enough ratings (notice that the

output capacitors are rated at 100 volts which is eight times the nominal battery voltage). This was hardly a

problem, considering that they had 12-volt batteries operating happily at 36-volts if they wanted that. They ended

up building circuitry to hold the voltages down to a convenient level.

To summarise the situation. The Tesla 4-battery switch appears to do the impossible through:

1. Catching the current coming out of the load and using it to charge another battery instead of wasting it.

2. Providing very short, sharp, and rapid switching pulses which exploit the momentum of the lead-ions current

flow.

3. Pulling extra energy in from the local environment to both charge the batteries and power the load at the same

time

This leaves aside the possibility of two further gains available through very precise timing of the switching pulses

(mainly to make the power available more easily and cheaply handled). So, it should be borne in mind that the

practical issues involved in getting this circuit operating effectively are primarily about very fast, clean and well-

timed switching. Stranded, high-current rated wire will be helpful in getting the draw of excess energy into the

circuit.

Here is the switching sequence for the Tesla 4-battery switch system:

As you can see, this is essentially the same circuit with batteries 1 and 2 swapping over with batteries 3 and 4. But

he has added in two capacitors and a diode bridge of four diodes to power the “load” (bulb, motor, TV or whatever).

His circuit diagram is usually shown like this:

Here, Tesla has used four diodes to simplify the switching and reduce it to two On/Off switches plus two

changeover switches. Alternatively, six On/Off switches can be used. As the diagram is a little difficult to follow

when shown like that, the following diagrams may help by showing the current flow during the two states:

Plik z chomika:

Inne pliki z tego folderu:

Inne foldery tego chomika: