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"Frontmatter"

The VLSI Handbook.

Ed. Wai-Kai Chen

Boca Raton: CRC Press LLC, 2000

Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data

The VLSI handbook / edited by Wai-Kai Chen.

p. cm.

Includes bibliographical references and index.

ISBN 0-8493-8593-8 (alk. paper)

1. Integrated circuits--Very large scale integration.

I. Chen,Wai-Kai, 1936–

TK7874.75.V573 1999

621.39’5—dc21

99-047682

CIP

This book contains information obtained from authentic and highly regarded sources. Reprinted material is quoted with

permission, and sources are indicated. A wide variety of references are listed. Reasonable efforts have been made to publish

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International Standard Book Number 0-8493-8593-8

Library of Congress Card Number 99-047682

Printed in the United States of America 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0

Printed on acid-free paper

Preface

Purpose

is to provide in a single volume a comprehensive reference work

covering the broad spectrum of VLSI technology. It is written and developed for the practicing electrical

and computer engineers in industry, government, and academia. The goal is to provide the most up-

to-date information in IC technology, devices and their models, circuit simulations, ampliﬁers, logic

design, memory, registers and system timing, microprocessor and ASIC, test and testability, design

automation, and design languages. The handbook is not an all-encompassing digest of everything taught

within an electrical and computer engineering curriculum on VLSI technology. Rather, it is the engineer's

ﬁrst choice in looking for a solution. Therefore, full references to other sources of contributions are

provided. The ideal reader is a B.S.-level engineer with a need for a one-source reference to keep abreast

of new techniques and procedures as well as review standard practices.

The purpose of

The VLSI H andbo ok

Background

The handbook stresses fundamental theory behind professional applications. In order to do so, it is

reinforced with frequent examples. Extensive development of theory and details of proofs have been

omitted. The reader is assumed to have a certain degree of sophistication and experience. However, brief

reviews of theories, principles and mathematics of some subject areas are given. These reviews have been

done concisely with perception. The handbook is not a textbook replacement, but rather a reinforcement

and reminder of material learned as a student. Therefore, important advancement and traditional as well

as innovative practices are included.

Since the majority of professional electrical engineers graduated before powerful personal computers

were widely available, many computational and design methods may be new to them. Therefore,

computers and software use are thoroughly covered. Not only does the handbook use traditional refer-

ences to cite sources for the contributions, it also contains all

sources of information and tools

that would assist the engineer in performing his/her job. This may include sources of software, databases,

standards, seminars, conferences, etc.

relevant

Organization

Over the years, the fundamentals of VLSI technology have evolved to include a wide range of topics and

a broad range of practice. To encompass such a wide range of knowledge, the handbook focuses on the

key concepts, models, and equations that enable the electrical or computer engineer to analyze, design

and predict the behavior of very large-scale integrated circuits. While design formulas and tables are

listed, emphasis is placed on the key concepts and theories underlying the applications.

The information is organized into 13 major sections, which encompass the ﬁeld of VLSI technology.

Each section is divided into chapters, each of which was written by a leading expert in the ﬁeld to enlighten

and refresh knowledge of the mature engineer, and to educate the novice. Each chapter contains intro-

ductory material, leading to the appropriate applications, and references. The

references

provide a list of

useful books and articles for following reading.

Locating Your Topic

Numerous avenues of access to information contained in the handbook are provided. A complete table

of contents is presented at the front of the book. In addition, an individual table of contents precedes

each of the thirteen sections. Finally, each chapter begins with its own table of contents. The reader is

urged to look over these tables of contents to become familiar with the structure, organization, and

content of the book. For example, see Section VIII: Microprocessor and ASIC, then Chapter 61: Micro-

processor Design Veriﬁcation, and then Section 61.8: Emulation. This tree-like structure enables the

reader to move up the tree to locate information on the topic of interest.

A combined subject and author index has been compiled to provide means of accessing information.

It can also be used to locate deﬁnitions; the page on which the deﬁnition appears for each key deﬁning

term is given in this index.

is designed to provide answers to most inquiries and direct inquirers to further

sources and references. We trust that it will meet your needs.

The VLSI H andbo ok

Acknowledgments

The compilation of this book would not have been possible without the dedication and efforts of the

Editorial Board of Advisors, the section editors, the publishers, and most of all the contributing authors.

I wish to thank them all and also my wife, Shiao-Ling, for her patience and understanding.

Wai-Kai Chen

Editor-in-Chief

Wai-Kai Chen

, Professor and Head of the Department of Electrical

Engineering and Computer Science at the University of Illinois at

Chicago, teaches graduate and undergraduate courses in electrical

engineering in the ﬁelds of circuits and systems. He received his B.S.

and M.S. in electrical engineering at Ohio University where he was

later recognized as a Distinguished Professor. He earned his Ph.D.

in electrical engineering at the University of Illinois at Urbana-

Champaign.

Professor Chen has extensive experience in education and industry

and is very active professionally in the ﬁelds of circuits and systems.

He has served as a visiting professor at Purdue University and the

University of Hawaii at Manoa. He was Editor of the

IEEE Transac-

tions on Circuits and Systems,

and President of

the IEEE Circuits and Systems Society. Currently, he is Editor-in-

Chief of the

both

Series I and II

Journal of Circuits, Systems and Computers

and Editor

the

Advanced Series in Electrical and Computer Engineering

, Imperial College Press. He received the

Lester R. Ford Award

from the Mathematical Association of America, the

Alexander von Humboldt Award

from Germany, the

Ohio University Alumni Medal of Merit for Distinguished Achievement in Engineering

Education

, the

Senior University Scholar Award

from University of Illinois at Chicago, the

Distinguished

Alumnus Award

from the University Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, and the

Society Meritorious Service

Award

from IEEE Circuits and Systems Society. He also received more than a

dozen honorary professor awards from major institutions in China.

A Fellow of the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers and the American Association for the

Advancement of Science, Professor Chen is widely known in the profession for his

and the

Education Award

Applied Graph Theory

(North-Holland

), Theory and Design of Broadband Matching Networks

(Pergamon Press

), Active Network

and Feedback Ampliﬁer Theory

(McGraw-Hill),

Linear Networks and Systems

(Brooks/Cole

), Passive and

Active Filters: Theory and Implementations

(John Wiley),

Theory of Nets

(John Wiley), and

The Circuits

and Filters Handbook

(Editor-in-Chief, CRC Press).

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