Greenhill-Imperial_Bayonets_(George_Nafziger).pdf

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Imperial Bayonets

Tactics of the Napoleonic Battery, Battalion and

Brigade as Found in Contemporary Regulations

George Nafziger

Greenhill Books, London

Stackpole Books, Pennsylvania

Imperial Bayonets

First published 1996 by Greenhill Books, Lionel Leventhal Limited,

Park House, I Russell Gardens, London NWII 9NN

and

Stsckpole Books, 5067 Ritter Road, Mechanicsburg, PA 17055, USA

This work is dedicated to the memory

of a dear friend and kindred spirit,

whose life was cut far too short:

Grover C. Cox

t:I George Nafziger, 1995, 1996

The moral right of the author has been asserted

stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any

means, electrical, mechanical or otherwise, without first seeking the

written permission of the Publisher.

British Library CatakJguing in Publication Data

Nafziger, George

Imperial bayonets ,. tsctics of the Napoleonic battery. battalion and

brigade as found in contemporary regulations

I. France. Armee - Drill and tsctics - History

2. Tactics - History - 19th century

.'I. Military maneuvers - History - 19th century

4. Drill and minor tsctics - History - 19th century

I. Title

.'155.4'2'090.'14

ISBN 1-85.'167-250-5

Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data

Nafziger, George F.

Imperial bayonets: tsctics of the Napoleonic Battery. Battslion, and

Brigade as found in contempoary regulations / George Nafziger.

.'I2Op.24cm.

Originally published: A guide to Napoleonic warfare. G.F. Nafziger

Includes bibliographical references and index.

ISBN 1-85.'167-250-5

I. Drill and minor tactics---History-18th century. 2. Drill and

minor tactics-History-19th century. .'I. Europe-History-1789--

96-.'12212

CIP

Puhlishing History

Imperial Bayonets is the first trade publication of 'A Guide to Napo-

leonic Warfare' by G. F. Nafziger, which was privately published by the

author in 1995.

Printed and bound in Great Britain

Greenhill Books

1815. I. Title.

UI64.N.'I4 1996

.'I55.5'094'090.'I.'I~c20

Contents

List of IDustrations

Thre~ro

Inttoduction

The Basics of Napoleonic Infantry

Line infantry; manoeuvring techniques; firing systems; accuracy of

musketry; types of volleys; the bayonet

Infantry Tactics

The line; two versus three ranks; columns; the square

Manoeuvring the Battalion

France 1800-8; France 1808-1S; Britain 1795-1815; Prussia 1788-99;

Prussia 1799-1806; Prussia 1806-15; Russia; Austria; conclusion

Light Infantry

110

History of light infantry; skirmishers; tactical use of light infantry;

skirmishing from an American perspective; nationalliglffinfantry

formations

" _/

Manoeuvring a Brigade

ISS

Operations at brigade level; the brigade; Meunier on brigade level tactics;

Ney on brigade level tactics

Revolutionary French Tactics: The Attack Column and Other

Formations in Combat

158

Documented tactics of the Revolution; mixed order; attack column; the

Spanish experience; squares

Cavalry Tactics and Quality during the Revolutionary and

Napoleonic Wars

178

Theoretical tactical employment; attack formations; pre-attack

reconnaissance; passage of lines; cavalry versus the square; brigade level

attacks; the process of the attack; cavalry skirmishing

Cavalry Tactics: Theory in Practice

206

Manoeuvring a Cavalry Regiment

Man~uvring by 'threes' and 'fours'; French cavalry; British cavalry;

Prussian cavalry; Austrian cavalry

List of mnstradons

10 Artillery during the Napoleonic Wars

Types ~f. artillery; tactical organisation; artillery equipment; French

anImUmtIOn; other nat~ons' ammunition; spherical case or shrapnel;

rllJoige and accura:y; caissons; ammunition provisions; battery tactics;

ph~osophy of artillery usage; French artillery usage; Austrian

art~ery usage; Prussian artillery usage; British artillery usage; Russian

artillery usage

289

Figures

1. Positioning of the ranks

2. French infantry peloton 1791

S. British infantry company on parade

4. Fixed pivot to the left

5. Floating pivot to the left

6. French columns

7. French squares

8. Prussian 1788 square

9. British and Prussian solid squares

10. Formation of a company in line of battle

11. Colonne par peloton to line forming on the right flank

12. Colonne d'attaque to line forming on the centre

1 S. Line forming colonne par peloton on the left flank

14. Line forming colonne d'attaque on the centre

15. Square from colonne d'attaque

16. Forming line from a colonne par pelotons

17. Forming line from a colonne d'attaque

18. Line forming colonne par peloton on the right flank

19. Line forming colonne d'attaque on the centre

20. Square from line

21. Forming square from colonne d'attaque

22. British infantry company, two-deep formation

2S. British infantry company, three-deep formation

24. Ploying of line to open column

25. Ploying of line to open column on centre company

26. Forming column of grand divisions from line

27. Forming square

28. Forming square

29. Prussian musketeer or grenadier company 1788

SO. Prussian fusHier company 1788

31. Deployment from column of sections to line

32. Forming square

S3. Prussian infantry company 1799-1806

S4. Prussian square 1799

S5. Prussian square 1799

36. Prussian square 1799

37. Formation of Prussian infantry company 1808-15

11 Operation of Combined Arms

Inter-relationships of the three arms; what is a combined-arms

operation?; historical combined-arms forces

276

12 Grand Tactics and Strategic Operations

. C:Omm~d and control; intelligence; strategic manoeuvre; speed and

dImenSIOns of march~ng armies; the historical record of strategic

marches;. movements m the ~resence of the enemy; a Russian corps;

an ~ustrian corps; crossed lmes of march; marching armies; grand

tactical. marches; Jo~ini on orders of march and strategy; Napoleon's

strategic manoeu"vnng system

28S

Select Bibiliography

SOS

Index

S09

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