AFI-11-217-Vol.1.Instrument.Flying.pdf

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BY ORDER OF THE
SECRETARY OF THE AIR FORCE
AIR FORCE MANUAL 11-217, VOLUME 1
3 JANUARY 2005
Flying Operations
INSTRUMENT FLIGHT PROCEDURES
COMPLIANCE WITH THIS PUBLICATION IS MANDATORY
NOTICE: This publication is available digitally on the AFDPO WWW site at:
OPR: HQ AFFSA/XOF
(Lt Col Elisa D’Antonio)
Certified by: HQ USAF/DXOO
(Brig Gen William Holland)
Pages: 420
Distribution: F
This instruction implements AFPD 11-2, Flight Rules and Procedures, by providing guidance
and procedures for standard Air Force instrument flying. Since aircraft flight instrumentation
and mission objectives are so varied, this instruction is necessarily general regarding equipment
and detailed regarding accomplishment of maneuvers. The guidance found in this manual is
both technique and procedure. Text depicted in bold italics is procedure. Individual aircraft
flight manuals should provide detailed instructions required for particular aircraft
instrumentation or characteristics. This manual, when used with related flight directives and
publications, provides adequate guidance for instrument flight under most circumstances, but is
not a substitute for sound judgment. Circumstances may require modification of prescribed
procedures. Aircrew members charged with the safe operation of United States Air Force
aircraft must be knowledgeable of the guidance contained in this manual. This publication
applies to the Air National Guard (ANG). This publication is applicable to all USAF aircraft, to
include Remotely Operated Aircraft (ROA), unless specifically exempted in the text of the
manual. This manual applies to all military, civilian and/or contractor personnel operating
USAF aircraft. This publication also applies to the Reserve.
NOTE: This manual is designed to complement AFI 11-202, Volume 3 General Flight Rules .
While General Flight Rules instructs aircrews in WHAT to do, AFMAN 11-217 instructs
aircrews in HOW to do it. In case of conflict between this manual and AFI 11-202, Volume 3
General Flight Rules , AFI 11-202, Volume 3 takes precedence.
WAIVERS: In general, waivers are not granted to AFMAN 11-217 as this manual describes
procedures and techniques for complying with rules in AFI 11-202 Volume 3 General Flight
Rules . Waivers are more appropriately granted to the rules in General Flight Rules . Waivers
Supersedes AFMAN 11-217, 29 Dec 2000
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AFMAN 11-217V1 3 JANUARY 2005
granted to AFI 11-202 Volume 3, General Flight Rules also apply to corresponding applicable
sections of AFMAN 11-217. A separate waiver is not required. If a MAJCOM desires a waiver
to a bold italic procedure in AFMAN 11-217 that is not addressed in General Flight Rules ,
comply with the Waiver and Exemption guidance in AFI 11-202 Volume 3.
NOTE: The Aeronautical Information Manual (AIM) published by the Federal Aviation
Administration (FAA) is not regulatory. However, it provides information that reflects examples
of operating techniques and procedures that may be requirements in other regulations. AIM is
not binding on USAF aircrews. Furthermore, it contains some techniques and procedures not
consistent with USAF mission requirements, regulatory guidance, waivers, exemptions, and
accepted techniques and procedures. However, AIM is the accepted standard in the civil aviation
community and reflects general techniques and procedures used by other pilots. Much
information contained in this AFMAN is reproduced from AIM and adapted for USAF use. If a
particular subject is not covered in this AFMAN or other USAF regulations, follow guidance
in AIM unless mission requirements dictate otherwise.
SUMMARY OF REVISIONS
General : Changed formatting to conform to AFI 33-360 guidance. Deleted unused and empty
chapters. Some paragraphs and chapters renumbered as a result. Corrected grammar, spelling,
and punctuation. Updated approach plate graphics and numerous other miscellaneous graphics.
Introduction : Minor grammatical changes to applicability of AFMAN; Note added note to
specify precedence of AFI 11-202 Volume 3 General Flight Rules; Added note to specify
applicability of Aeronautical Information Manual (AIM). 2.3. Added section on Instrument
Takeoff procedures for fixed wing aircraft. Text was in prior versions of manual and
inadvertently omitted in this one. 2.4.6. Note clarified pitch change required for level off. 3.2.
Changed text to clarify how power is controlled in helicopters. 3.3. Changed text to clarify the
control and performance concept for helicopters. 3.3.10. Changed text to clarify how to adjust
attitude and power in helicopters. 4.2. Deleted text on planning, as there was no value added.
4.2.3. Changed text on ITO for helicopters; added text regarding the instrument takeoff under
marginal power conditions for helicopters. 4.3.1. Clarified techniques to maintain headings.
4.3.3. Clarified procedures for acceleration and deceleration. 4.3.4. Clarified techniques for
altitude changes. 4.3.5. Deleted redundant text on climbing turns; consolidated descending turn
text. 4.5. Added text clarifying applicability of helicopter-specific procedures. 4.5.1. Clarified
markings for multiple helipads in the same location; changed maximum descent gradient for
Copter Only low altitude approaches from 500 ft/nm to 400 ft/nm. 4.7.4. Added text on unusual
attitude recovery during hover. 5.2.2. Added reference to Chapter 7 for procedures to identify a
NAVAID. 5.4. Added text describing FMS. 6.1.1 . Changed procedures for identification of
NAVAID to reflect current state of technology; refers to Chapter 7 for detailed guidance. 6.6.1.
Added text to allow substitutions for inoperative Outer and Middle Markers. 6.6.5. Added
warning to positively identify aural ident of ILS when flying an approach to a runway using the
same frequency for both runways. 6.6.7. Added text explaining hazards or false glideslope
indications. 6.9.1. Added information on LLZ approaches. 6.11.2. Expanded text describing
low powered compass locator. 6.12 . Changed, expanded, and clarified GPS. 6.12.4. Added
WAAS procedures. Chapter 7. Added word “AND” to chapter title. 7.1. Clarified
applicability of section to include only ground based radio NAVAIDS. 7.1.1. Added bold/italic
AFMAN 11-217V1 3 JANUARY 2005
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to text; changed and clarified procedures for identifying and monitoring NAVAID to reflect
current state of technology; added note clarifying difference between ADF and NDB; deleted
extraneous text on identifying ILS. 7.2. Added bold/italic to homing procedures. 7.4.1. Added
techniques for determining intercept headings; added bold/italic to lead point determination;
Added reference to Vol. 3 for techniques to determine lead point. 7.6.1. Added info on how to
determine station passage RMI only. 7.11. RNAV information changed to reflect new standards.
7.12. New paragraph added on GPS usage for general navigation. 7.13. New paragraph added on
database issues. 8.1.4. Deleted ATC correction to Minimum Vectoring Altitudes (MVA) as
ATC does not do this and is not contemplating doing this in the future. 8.2. Updated, changed,
and clarified entire NOTAM section to reflect current NOTAM system. 8.3. Updates entire DoD
NOTAM website information. 8.4.7 . Added procedures for enroute navigation with reference to
true or grid heading. 8.5.1. Added further definition of derivation of aircraft category for
approaches; clarified requirement to carry hard copies of IAPs for departure base, destination,
and all planned alternates; added text on approved sources of printed IAPs for use in aircraft;
provided detailed guidance on use of IAPs downloaded from the internet; clarified that in case
of discrepancy between GPS approach chart and onboard database, approach chart takes
precedence; clarified direction regarding navigation equipment compatibility for approaches;
added information to facilitate identification of approaches where runway is served by multiple
approaches based on the same final approach guidance; clarified sequence of alphabetical
identifiers for circling approaches and where a runway is served by multiple approaches based on
the same final approach guidance. 8.5.2. Added procedures for IAPs in higher latitudes. 8.5.4.
Clarified use of additional rings on IAP plan view; added clarification of VDP and obstacles;
clarified holding pattern speeds; clarified missed approach holding pattern speeds; clarified
definitions of minimum safe/sector and emergency safe altitudes depicted on approach charts;
clarified text describing applicability of alternate minimums for USAF crews. 8.5.6. Added
information on review of RNAV(GPS) IAPs. 8.5.7. Added information on symbology for
RNAV(GPS) IAPs. 8.6.1. Specified requirement for MAJCOM approval of all host nation
procedures; added information on Jeppesen approach books to the publications check. 8.6.13.
Added VOR test facility (VOT) information; directs pilots to AFI 11-202 Volume 3, General
Flight Rules for GPS database restrictions. 8.7. Added information regarding IFR flight in
uncontrolled airspace. 8.8. Added procedures for instrument approaches to uncontrolled
airports. 8.9. Added information on flyability checks. 8.10. Added procedure and problem
reporting information. Chapter 9. Entire chapter revised and reorganized to reflect changes in
USAF and FAA guidance. Chapter 10. Added text throughout chapter describing applicability
to RNAV holding procedures. 10.1.2. Clarified procedures for using TACAN to identify holding
fixes and IAFs. 10.2.1. Added explanation of EFC time. 10.2.4. Changed holding speeds to align
with FAA guidance. 10.3.3. Aligned holding bank angles with FAA procedure. 10.3.4. Clarified
applicability of holding pattern entry techniques; clarified wording of parallel holding pattern
entry; clarified specific distances used to define holding patterns. 10.4. Added FMS holding
procedures. 11.2.1. Clarified enroute descent procedures; clarified clearance readback
requirements. 11.3. Adopted ICAO standard for “established on course”. 11.7. Clarified pilot
responsibilities during radar vectors. 11.7.6. Deleted text describing Profile Descents. They no
longer exist. 11.8. Clarified RNAV STAR procedures. 11.8.1. Changed requirement for
possession of STAR to chart, as annotated in AIM. 11.9.5. Clarified STAR publication
information. 11.9. Added text detailing procedures for Flight Management System Procedures
(FMSP). 13.1.1. Added text clarifying applicability of approach procedures in ICAO nations.
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AFMAN 11-217V1 3 JANUARY 2005
13.2. Added text clarifying procedures for flying a high altitude approach in the low altitude
structure. 13.3.1. Clarified applicability of no PT routing. 13.10. Added information on
Terminal Area Arrivals (TAA). 13.10.14. Added information on backup approaches when
flying GPS approaches. Chapter 14. Entire chapter reorganized to categorize approaches with
glide path guidance and those without glide path guidance. 14.2.1. Aligned definition of
“runway environment” with AIM; defined meaning of the appearance of the word “RADAR” on
an approach plate. 14.1.2. Moved MLS information from Vol. 2; text changed to align with
tuning requirements in Chapter 7; added WARNING regarding false or erroneous glide slopes;
added note regarding outer marker sensitivity adjustments for aircraft with the capability to
select sensitivity; added text regarding erroneous glide slope indications during testing. 14.2.3.
Added information on RNAV/GPS final approach. 14.3.2. Added “where available” to text
requiring backup to radar approach. 14.3.5. Clarified requirements for advising controller in the
event of termination of radar approach without landing. 14.5. Aligned definition of contact
approach with AIM. 14.6. Clarified definition of IAP with a visual segment. 14.9. Added
information on ILS/PRM approaches. 14.10. Added information on SOIA approaches. 14.11 .
Added information on TLS approaches. 15.2.4. Added reference to Chapter 25 for HUD
procedures during landing. 15.3.3. Deletes visual glide path lighting systems detailed
explanations and refers personnel to the Flight Information Handbook, which contains the most
current information. 15.4. Added reference to AFI 11-218 for airport lighting for ground
operations. 15.4.1. Added note stating threshold lights can be as much as 10 feet from threshold
without a waiver. 15.5. Added reference to AFI 11-218 for airport markings and signs for
ground operations. 15.6.1. Added information on circling out of RNAV/GPS approaches.
15.7.2. Changed side-step maneuver to align with FAA guidance. 16.3.1. Clarified climbout
instructions applicability. 16.4.2. Clarified procedures for executing a missed approach prior to
the missed approach point. 16.4.3. Changed minimum missed approach climb gradient to 200
feet per nautical mile to correct a typographical error from the last edition of 11-217 and AIM.
Chapters 20 and 21. Entire chapter moved to Volume 3. Chapter 17 (Old Chapter 22) .
Entire chapter revised to reflect latest information on spatial disorientation. Graphics updated.
Added section on night vision goggles. Chapter 18 (Old Chapter 23). Entire chapter rewritten
to reflect current guidance from ICAO SARPS, PANS OPS, and AFI 11-202 Vol. 3 General
Flight Rules . 19.2.1 (Old Chapter 24). Added definitions of ILS Category IIIa, b, and c.
Figure 20.1 (Old Chapter 25). Fixed text boxes so all text is visible. 20.2.1. Deleted text
discussing concerns of insidious failure of HUDs; clarified use of HUDs not endorsed as PFR.
20.2.3. Added text clarifying use of HUD for transition to landing; added WARNING regarding
danger of duck under when using a HUD for transition to landing. 20.3.6. Added WARNING
regarding use of HUD-out procedures for practice approaches in IMC. Appendices. List of
References added; Acronyms updated, Definitions updated; Index added.
AFMAN 11-217V1 3 JANUARY 2005
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