US history facts and terms II
The Civil War:
Lincoln and the Union
Jefferson Davis and the Confederate States of America
disproportions between Northern and Southern potential
Southern command: Robert E. Lee, Stonewall Jackson
Northern generals: McClellan, Ulysses Grant
battles of Bull Run (1861), Shiloh, Antietam and Fredericksburg (1862)
battle of Antietam: 24,000 killed or wounded, more than on any single day in US history
Emancipation Proclamation
1863: battles of Chancellorsville, Vicksburg and Gettysburg
Lincoln’s Gettysburg Address
1864: Chattannoga, General Sherman’s March to the Sea; Grant v. Lee in battle of the Wilderness, at Spotsylvania, Cold Harbor
1865: April 2 Lee abandons Richmond
April 9, Confederate capitulation at Appomattox
April 14, Lincoln assassinated
Civil War casualties: 600,000 dead (120 thousand in WWI, 300,000 in WWII)
Northern and Southern society during the war:
economic and industrial boom in the North
draft and New York draft riots (1863)
Sand Creek massacre (1864)
disintegration of the South; food riots, desertions
the role of African Americans
Jefferson Davis’s plans for emancipation
Reconstruction of the South:
Lincoln’s plans for reconstruction: a “10 percent plan”
presidency and near impeachment of Andrew Johnson
Johnson’s policy towards the South: abolition of slavery, but otherwise a lenient approach: amnesty oaths and pardons, no commitment to black suffrage
Johnson’s support for 13th Amendment, but opposition to 14th Amendment to the Constitution
Black codes, “return of the Bourbons”
battle for 14th Amendment
citizenship rights for “freedmen”, “due process” clause
Republican control over Congress; the Radicals
Congressional Reconstruction: Reconstruction Act of 1867
15th Amendment: Constitutional right to vote for freedmen
Freedmen’s Bureau
“scalawags” and carpetbaggers, KKK
Southern agriculture: sharecroppers
1876 elections: Tilden v. Hayes
end of Reconstruction in 1876
Jim Crow laws, Plessy vs. Ferguson and “separate but equal” doctrine
approximate number of blacks lynched between 1880 and 1918: 2400
Booker T. Washington and W.E.B. DuBois
NAACP (National Association for the Advancement of Colored People)
The West:
Homestead Act
end of open range and of the moving frontier
Buffalo Bill (Cody)
The Indians:
Crazy Horse, Sitting Bull, General G. Custer
Little Big Horn
Dawes Severalty Act
Ghost Dance and Wounded Knee
The Gilded Age:
Alexander G. Bell, George Westinghouse,
Thomas Alva Edison
J. P. Morgan, John D. Rockefeller and Standard Oil
Social Darwinism, laissez-faire
Andrew Carnegie and the Gospel of Wealth
Rags-to-riches myth, Horatio Alger and dime novels
William Hearst, Joseph Pulitzer and yellow press
Reform movements:
the Populist movement and the battle for the silver standard
Samuel Gompers, American Federation of Labor
Big Bill Haywood, Industrial Workers of the World
Eugene Debs, Upton Sinclair, The Jungle, muckrakers
Jane Addams and settlement house movement
life in tenements and Jacob Riis
Bosses and machines, Tammany Hall
Spoils system, assassination of James Garfield,
Civil Service Act
Progressives, Theodore Roosevelt, anti-trust regulations
Federal Reserve and Federal Trade Commission
Muller v. Oregon
Henry Ford, $5 and 8-hour work day; Model T, assembly line
Immigration:
between 1880 and 1920: 25 million immigrants
“New” immigration: South and Eastern Europeans
Chinese Exclusion Act, Ellis Island
Rise of American empire:
The Maine incident
Spanish-American war
Hawaii, Puerto Rico, Philippines, Cuba
Assassination of McKinley
Roosevelt’s Corollary, Open Door, Dollar Diplomacy
Panama Canal
World War I:
Woodrow Wilson, intervention in Mexico
the Lusitania, unrestricted submarine warfare,
Zimmermann telegram
Preparedness and Americanization campaign
Committee for Public Information, War Industries Board
Espionage and Sedition laws, intervention in Russia; John Reed
Versailles treaty, Wilson’s 14 points, League of Nations
US battle deaths in WWI: 53 thousand doughboys
Chicago and Houston race riots
Birth of a Nation and the resurgence of KKK
Suffragists, Alice Paul and National Women’s Party
18th and 19th Amendments
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