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T HE C OMPLETE G UIDE T O
Automatic Identification System
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The Complete Guide to
Automatic Identification
Systems
Leica Geosystems Inc.
 
Copyright © 2001 Leica Geosystems Inc.
 
this is the chapter headline
introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .5
chapter 1
What is AIS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
Ship-to-ship data exchange . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
Fig. 1: Typical ship-to-ship operation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
Fig. 2: Typical AIS display . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
Coastal surveillance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
Fig. 3: AIS with coastal surveillance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
Vessel traffic systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
Fig. 4: Integrated AIS/VTS network . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
Potential benefits of AIS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
chapter 2
AIS Communications Scheme . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
Fig. 5: AIS cells . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
Fig. 6: Timeslot assignments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
chapter 3
AIS Messages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
chapter 4
AIS Shipboard Equipment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
Fig. 7: Functional diagram of shipboard AIS system . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
Total shipboard GPS/DGPS/AIS solution . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
chapter 5
Carriage Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
What about non-solas vessels? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
chapter 6
AIS Standards . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
appendix
Useful Links . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
table of contents
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introduction
It’s a dark night. The officer of the watch is tracking a dozen or more targets on the
radar. One of the blips on the radar screen seems to be turning to the right. The
OOW picks up the VHF microphone.
“Vessel on my starboard bow, this is MV Eversail. It appears you may be making a
turn to starboard. Do you intend to cross my bow, over?”
“Eversail, this is MV Seafarer. Are you the ship in the inbound lane near buoy 23,
over?”
“Seafarer, this is Eversail. That’s negative, I am at the junction buoy near
Deadman’s Reef, over.”
“This is Seafarer, Roger, out.”
silence
“Eversail, this is MV Oceanbreeze, I think I am the vessel off your starboard bow.
I am outbound in the auxiliary channel from the tanker berth. I am slowing to
disembark the pilot, over.”
“Oceanbreeze, this is Eversail. I have you on my radar. You are not the ship I was
calling, over.”
silence
“Vessel five miles off my starboard bow, this is MV Eversail in the outbound
channel passing Deadman’s Reef junction buoy. What are your intentions, over?”
“Eversail, this is MV John Brown. I think I am the vessel off your starboard bow,
over.”
“John Brown, this is MV Seafarer. I believe I am astern of you. Are you the ship
that’s just passing Buoy 23, over?
and so forth...
5
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