The Confederate Army 1861-65_South Carolina & Mississippi.pdf

Men-at-Arms

OSPREY

PUBLISHING

The confederate Army

1861-65 (1)

South Carolina & Mississippi

Ron Field • Illustrated by Richard Hook

CONTENTS

SOUTH CAROLINA

• Antebellum militia

• Uniformed volunteer militia

• Volunteer forces, 1861

• Regular Army of South Carolina, 1861-64

• Staff Quartermaster issue uniforms, 1861—64

• Volunteer aid societies, 1861—63

• Arms and equipage

RON FIELD is Head of History

at the Cotswold School in

Bourton-on-the-Water,

Gloucestershire. He was

awarded the Fulbright

Scholarship in 1982 and

taught history at Piedmont

High School in California

from 1982-83. He has

traveled extensively in the

US conducting research at

numerous libraries, archives

and museums.

MISSISSIPPI

• Antebellum militia

• Army of Mississippi: organization — uniform regulations —

full dress - fatigue dress

• State issue clothing

• Volunteer aid societies

• Arms and equipage

SELECT BIBLIOGRAPHY

THE PLATES

INDEX

RICHARD HOOK trained at

Reigate College of Art, Surrey,

and after national service with

the British Army he became

art editor of the much-praised

magazine Finding Out. He

has worked as a freelance

illustrator ever since, and

has illustrated more than

30 Osprey titles. He is an

internationally acknowledged

expert on the material culture

of Native American peoples.

Men-at-Arms - 423

OSPREY

PUBLISHING

The Confederate Army

1861-65 (1)

South Carolina & Mississippi

Ron Field • Illustrated by Richard Hook

Series editor Martin Windrow

First published in Great Britain in 2005 by Osprey Publishing

Midland House, West Way, Botley, Oxford 0X2 OPH, United Kingdom

443 Park Avenue South, New York, NY 10016, USA

Author's Note

This sequence of books within the Men-at-Arms series

encompasses six titles, and provides a state-by-state analysis

of the uniforms, arms and equipage worn and carried by the Militia

and Volunteers who served the Confederate States during the

American Civil War, 1861-65. Each of the 14 states that provided

soldiers for the Southern cause is dealt with in order of secession,

i.e. the order in which they left the Union. This arrangement helps

to illustrate how some of the original seven Confederate States

of America, formed on February 8, 1861, influenced the military

fashion, and supply of weapons and equipment, of those states

that later joined the Confederacy.

It is planned that subsequent titles will include:

(2) Florida, Alabama & Georgia; (3) Louisiana & Texas;

(4) Virginia & Arkansas; (5) Tennessee & North Carolina;

and (6) Missouri, Kentucky & Maryland.

Email: info@ospreypublishing.com

research, criticism or review, as permitted under the Copyright, Designs and

Patents Act, 1988, no part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in

a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic,

electrical, chemical, mechanical, optical, photocopying, recording or otherwise,

without the prior written permission of the copyright owner. Enquiries should

be addressed to the Publishers.

ISBN 1 84176 849 9

Editor: Martin Windrow

Design: Alan Hamp

Index by Alan Thatcher

Originated by The Electronic Page Company, Cwmbran, UK

Printed in China through World Print Ltd.

Acknowledgements

The author wishes to thank the following for their generous

assistance:

John Mills Bigham, Curator of Education, South Carolina

Confederate Relic Room & Museum, Columbia, SC; Patrick

McCawley, Archivist, South Carolina Dept of Archives & History,

Columbia, SC; Jane Yates, Director, Archives & Museum, The

Citadel, Charleston, SC; W.Eric Emerson, Director, South Carolina

Historical Society, Charleston, SC; Heather W.Milne, Manager of

Photographic Collection, Museum of the Confederacy, Richmond,

VA; Richard W. Hatcher III, Park Historian, Fort Sumter National

Monument, Charleston, SC; Beth Bilderbeck, The South Caroliniana

Library, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC; Fritz Hamer,

Chief Curator of History, South Carolina State Museum, Columbia,

SC; Jeff Rogers, Graphic Records Curator, Mississippi Dept of

Archives & History; Michael Wright, Curator of Collections, Old

Capitol Museum, Jackson, MS; Tommy Covington, Editor, Tippah

County Historical Society, Ripley, MS; Arthur W.Bergeron Jr,

Curator, United States Army Military History Institute, Carlisle, PA.

05 06 07 08 09

10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1

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Artist's Note

Readers may care to note that the original paintings from which

the color plates in this book were prepared are available for private

sale. All reproduction copyright whatsoever is retained by the

Publishers. All enquiries should be addressed to:

Scorpio Gallery,

PO Box 475, Hailsham, E.Sussex BN27 2SL, UK

The Publishers regret that they can enter into no correspondence

upon this matter.

THE CONFEDERATE ARMY 1861-65

(1) SOUTH CAROLINA & MISSISSIPPI

SOUTH CAROLINA

Private Edward T.Legare was

photographed in 1860 wearing

the full dress uniform of the

Charleston Light Dragoons (see

Plate A1). His "Balmoral" bonnet

was of civilian origin and not

used by the Dragoons as an

official forage cap. (Courtesy

of the South Carolina Historical

Society)

OLLOWING THE ELECTION of Abraham Lincoln as President of the

United States on November 6, 1860, on December 20 South

Carolina was the first state to secede from the Union and establish

herself as an independent republic.

That day the news of the unanimous passage of the Ordinance of

Secession spread through the city of Charleston like wildfire. The citizen

soldiery of the "Palmetto Republic's" local militias donned their

uniforms and made haste to their respective muster grounds. The 1st

Regiment of Rifles, South Carolina Militia, was already on parade when

the news was received. Commanded by Col J Johnston Pettigrew, and

composed of the Washington Light Infantry, German Riflemen,

Moultrie Guard, Meagher Guard, Palmetto Riflemen and Carolina

Light Infantry, that regiment was formed into a square on the Magnolia

Parade Ground, where their commander read them the Ordinance of

Secession, to which they responded with tremendous cheering.

A detachment of the Washington Artillery, commanded by Lt James

Salvo, was out within ten minutes of the news, and fired a salute of

15 guns. The Charleston Zouave Cadets offered

up their cheer of "One - two - three - four - five

- six - Tiger!" as they marched past down Broad

Street. The Charleston Riflemen halted at the

corner of Broad and East Bay streets, and moved

"on right by files into line" to the front of the

Charleston Mercury newspaper office, where the

command "Present arms" was given, the colors

were dipped and the band played.

The citizen soldiery of the South were to play a

major role in preparing the new Confederate

States Army to face the inevitable Federal invasion,

and the Republic of South Carolina led the way.

Antebellum militia

The militia of South Carolina was originally

established in 1784 as a response to the Federal

Militia Act of 1782. By 1860 the militia system

consisted of five divisions, each composed of two

brigades of either five or six regiments of non-

uniformed "beat militia" or heavy infantry. The

officers wore antiquated full dress uniforms based

on that prescribed for the US Army in 1832. Their

tailcoats were dark blue, their breeches dark blue 3

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