OReilly.Visualizing.Data.Jan.2008.pdf

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Visualizing Data
Ben Fry
Beijing • Cambridge • Farnham • Köln • Paris • Sebastopol • Taipei • Tokyo
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Visualizing Data
by Ben Fry
Copyright © 2008 Ben Fry. All rights reserved.
Printed in the United States of America.
Published by O’Reilly Media, Inc., 1005 Gravenstein Highway North, Sebastopol, CA 95472.
O’Reilly books may be purchased for educational, business, or sales promotional use. Online editions
are also available for most titles ( safari.oreilly.com ). For more information, contact our
corporate/institutional sales department: (800) 998-9938 or corporate@oreilly.com .
Editor: Andy Oram
Production Editor: Loranah Dimant
Copyeditor: Genevieve d’Entremont
Proofreader: Loranah Dimant
Indexer: Ellen Troutman Zaig
Cover Designer: Karen Montgomery
Interior Designer: David Futato
Illustrator: Jessamyn Read
Printing History:
December 2007: First Edition.
Nutshell Handbook, the Nutshell Handbook logo, and the O’Reilly logo are registered trademarks of
O’Reilly Media, Inc. Visualizing Data , the image of an owl, and related trade dress are trademarks of
O’Reilly Media, Inc.
Many of the designations used by manufacturers and sellers to distinguish their products are claimed as
trademarks. Where those designations appear in this book, and O’Reilly Media, Inc. was aware of a
trademark claim, the designations have been printed in caps or initial caps.
While every precaution has been taken in the preparation of this book, the publisher and author assume
no responsibility for errors or omissions, or for damages resulting from the use of the information
contained herein.
This book uses RepKover, a durable and flexible lay-flat binding.
ISBN-10: 0-596-51455-7
ISBN-13: 978-0-596-51455-6
[C]
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Table of Contents
Preface
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
vii
1. The Seven Stages of Visualizing Data
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1
Why Data Display Requires Planning
2
An Example
6
Iteration and Combination
14
Principles
15
Onward
18
2. Getting Started with Processing
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
19
Sketching with Processing
20
Exporting and Distributing Your Work
23
Examples and Reference
24
Functions
27
Sketching and Scripting
28
Ready?
30
3. Mapping
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
31
Drawing a Map
31
Locations on a Map
32
Data on a Map
34
Using Your Own Data
51
Next Steps
53
iii
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4. Time Series
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
54
Milk, Tea, and Coffee (Acquire and Parse)
55
Cleaning the Table (Filter and Mine)
55
A Simple Plot (Represent and Refine)
57
Labeling the Current Data Set (Refine and Interact)
59
Drawing Axis Labels (Refine)
62
Choosing a Proper Representation (Represent and Refine)
73
Using Rollovers to Highlight Points (Interact)
76
Ways to Connect Points (Refine)
77
Text Labels As Tabbed Panes (Interact)
83
Interpolation Between Data Sets (Interact)
87
End of the Series
92
5. Connections and Correlations
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
94
Changing Data Sources
94
Problem Statement
95
Preprocessing
96
Using the Preprocessed Data (Acquire, Parse, Filter, Mine)
111
Displaying the Results (Represent)
118
Returning to the Question (Refine)
121
Sophisticated Sorting: Using Salary As a Tiebreaker (Mine)
126
Moving to Multiple Days (Interact)
127
Smoothing Out the Interaction (Refine)
132
Deployment Considerations (Acquire, Parse, Filter)
133
6. Scatterplot Maps
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
145
Preprocessing
145
Loading the Data (Acquire and Parse)
155
Drawing a Scatterplot of Zip Codes (Mine and Represent)
157
Highlighting Points While Typing (Refine and Interact)
158
Show the Currently Selected Point (Refine)
162
Progressively Dimming and Brightening Points (Refine)
165
Zooming In (Interact)
167
Changing How Points Are Drawn When Zooming (Refine)
177
Deployment Issues (Acquire and Refine)
178
Next Steps
180
iv
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Table of Contents
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