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Service.
Self-Study Programme 248
The W Engine Concept
Design and Function
Introduction
The constantly rising demands regarding
performance, running comfort and fuel economy
have led to the advancement of existing drive
units and the development of new drive units.
The W engines set exacting demands on design.
Large numbers of cylinders were adapted to the
extremely compact dimensions of the engine.
In the process, more attention was paid to
lightweight design.
This Self-Study Programme will familiarise you
with the engine mechanicals of the W engine
family.
The new W8 as well as the W12 engine by
VOLKSWAGEN are representatives of a new
engine generation - the W engines.
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New
Important
Note
This Self-Study Programme explains the design
and function of new developments.
The contents will not be updated!
Please always refer to the relevant Service Literature for cur-
rent inspection, adjustment and repair instructions.
2
At a glance
Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4
Engine mechanicals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .10
Specifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
The crankshaft drive . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .14
The engine in detail . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
The chain drive . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28
The camshaft timing control . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
The belt drive . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32
The oil circuit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34
The coolant circuit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42
The air supply . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46
The exhaust system . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50
Service . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .52
Sealing concept . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52
Engine timing overview. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54
Special tools . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56
3
Introduction
W engines - what does the W stand for?
With the aim of building even more compact
units with a large number of cylinders, the design
features of the V and VR engines were combined
to produce the W engines.
When the W engine is viewed from the front, the
cylinder arrangement looks like a double-V.
Put the two Vs of the right and left cylinder banks
together, and you get a W. This is how the name
"W engine" came about.
As with the V engines, the cylinders are
distributed to two banks. In the W8 and W12
engines, these banks of cylinders are aligned at
a V-angle of 72° in relation to one another. As in
the VR engine, the cylinders within each bank
maintain an angle of 15°.
72°
15°
15°
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The W principle
To illustrate the principle of the W engine cylinder arrangement, we will first show you conventional
engine types.
The inline engine
Represents the earliest development level in
engine development. The cylinders are arranged
in-line vertically above the crankshaft.
Advantage: Simple design
Drawback: Large numbers of cylinders result in
very long units unsuitable for transverse
mounting.
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The V engine
To make engines shorter, the cylinders in the V
engines are arranged at an angle of between
60° and 120°, with the centre lines of the
cylinders intersecting with the centre line of the
crankshaft.
Advantage: Relatively short engines
60 - 120°
Drawback: The units are relatively wide, have
two separate cylinder heads, and therefore
require a more complex design and a larger
engine compartment volume.
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5
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