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TM
PUNCTUATION
Simplified and Applied
Geraldine Woods
TM
PUNCTUATION
Simplified and Applied
Geraldine Woods
For Kyra, the first of the next generation.
Webster’s New World
®
Punctuation: Simplified and Applied
Copyright © 2006 by Wiley, Hoboken, NJ
Published by Wiley, Hoboken, NJ
Published simultaneously in Canada
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Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data:
Woods, Geraldine.
Webster’s New World punctuation : simplified and applied / Geraldine Woods.
p. cm.
ISBN-13: 978-0-7645-9916-3 (isbn-13 : pbk.)
ISBN-10: 0-7645-9916-X (isbn-10 : pbk.)
1. English language—Punctuation—Handbooks, manuals, etc. I.Title.
PE1450.W66 2006
428.2—dc22
2005023688
Manufactured in the United States of America
10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
Contents
Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .vii
PART I: The Punctuation Marks
1 The Period . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3
As an Endmark . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3
In Parentheses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .5
In Quotations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .7
In Abbreviations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .9
With an Ellipsis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .14
In Lists and Slide Presentations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .14
In Titles and Headings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .16
In Memos and E-mails . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .16
In Web Addresses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .17
In Numbers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .17
2 The Question Mark . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .19
To Ask a Question . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .19
To Express Uncertainty . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .24
To Make a Request . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .25
In Quotations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .26
In Titles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .29
3 The Exclamation Point . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .31
As an Endmark . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .32
In Quotations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .34
In Titles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .35
In Parentheses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .35
4 The Comma . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .37
To Create a Series . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .39
In a Set of Descriptions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .43
To Set Off Nonessential Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .45
To Set Off Interrupters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .49
When Combining Two Complete Sentences . . . . . . . . . . . .50
To Indicate Direct Address . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .53
In Personal and Company Titles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .54
In Dates . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .55
In Addresses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .58
In Letters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .59
To Set Off Introductory Expressions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .61
iii
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