Bats of the World- 103 Species in Full Color.pdf

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BATS OF THE WORLD

BIRD LIFE • BIRDS • BUTTERFLIES AND MOTHS

DINOSAURS • EXPLORING SPACE • FISHES

FISHING • FLOWERS • FOSSILS • GEOLOGY

INDIAN ARTS • INSECTS • MAMMALS

PLANETS • POND LIFE

REPTILES AND AMPHIBIANS

ROCKS AND MINERALS

SEASHELLS OF THE WORLD

SEASHORES • SKY OBSERVER'S GUIDE

SPIDERS AND THEIR KIN • STARS • TREES

TROPICAL FISH • VENOMOUS ANIMALS

WEATHER • WEEDS

WHALES AND OTHER MARINE MAMMALS

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BIRDS OF NORTH AMERICA

EASTERN BIRDS

REPTILES OF NORTH AMERICA

ROCKS AND MINERALS

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WILDFLOWERS OF NORTH AMERICA

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BATS

OF THE WORLD

1 03 SPECIES IN FULL COLOR

GARY L. GRAHAM, Ph.D.

illustrated by

FIONA A. REID

NEW YORK

Western Publishing Company, Inc.

Racine, Wisconsin 53404

GOLDEN PRESS

•

FOREWORD

This is an especially favorable time to write a book about

bats because more and more people are becoming

interested in these mammals-and for good reason. Bats

are exceedingly fascinating, very diverse, and extremely

important. Unfortunately, some people unnecessarily fear

bats. Others are not aware of the critical role that bats

perform in nature and of how easily some bat populations

can be des troyed. An increased interest in bats drives a

desire for more information, which leads to a be tter

understanding of bats and an enhanced appreciation of

their importance. With more appreciation comes a greater

commitment to, and involvement in, bat conservation.

I appreciate the help and enthusiasm given by Caroline

Gr eenberg during the ini tiation of this pro ject and the

persisence and patience of Maury Solomon at is completion.

Special thanks to Fiona Reid for the exceptional bat art and

attention to detail. I would like to thank Paul Robertson,

Jackie Bellwood, and especially Tom Kunz for reviewing

early drafts of the manuscript. I also thank Merlin Tutle and

Bat Conservation International for use of th eir photographs

and assis tance. I dedicate this book to my late mother,

Bobbie, and to my wo sons, Fory and Jove, who represent

the next generation of bat conservationists.

G.L.G.

by Fiona A. Reid. All rights

reseved, including rights of reproduction and use in any form or by any

means, including the making of copies by any photo process, or by any

electronic or mechanical device, printed or written or oral, or recording for

sou nd or visual reproduction or for use in any knowledge retrieval system

or device, unless permission in writing is obtained from the copyright

proprietor. Produced in the U.S.A. by Western Publishing Company, Inc.

Published by Golden Press, New York, N.Y. Library of Congress Catalog

Number:

1994

Gor y L. Graham. Illustrations©

1994

93-71195.

ISBN:

0-307-24080·0/ISBN:

0-307·64080·9 (lib.

bdg .)

CONTENTS

INTRODUCING BATS ............. . ................................................ 4

FACT AND FICTION ................................................ . ............... 6

DIVERSIY . ... . .................................................................... . .... 8

EVOLUTION ......................................................................... 1 0

FLIGHT ................................................................................. 14

ECHOLOCATION AND OTHER SENSES ................................... 18

BAT ROOSTS ......................................... . ......... . ..... . .... . ......... 24

FOOD HABITS . . ............................................... . .................... 30

REPRODUCTION ........ . ..... . ..... . ............. . ................................ 38

BAT BEHAVIOR ............................................... . .................... 43

BAT MORTALITY .... . ....... . ... . .................................................. 46

PEOPLE AND BATS ........... .. .... . ..... . ....... . .... . .......... . ....... . ....... 47

BAT CONSERVATION ......... . ... . ............................................. 50

CASSIFICATION OF LIVING BATS ........................ . ............... . 52

Flying foxes and Old World fruit bats ................................. 53

Mouse-tailed bats ........................................................ . .... 60

Sheath-tailed bats ................................................... . ......... 62

Bumblebee bats ......................................... .. ................ . .... 66

Slit-faced bats ........................................ . ..... . . . ................. 68

Old World false vampire and yellow-winged bats ............. ..70

Horseshoe bats ................................................................ .72

Old World leaf-nosed bats ......................... . . . ........... .. ..... ..? 4

Bulldog bats .................................................................... .7 6

Short-tailed bats ........... . ...... . ......... . .......................... . ... . . ..78

Mustached bats ................................................................ 80

New World leaf-nosed and vampire bats ........................... 82

Funnel-eared bats ....·- .......... . ................................. . ..... . . . 1 04

Smoky bats .................................................................... 1 06

Disk-winged bats ........ . ................................... . ... . ........... 1 08

Old World sucker-footed bats .......................................... 11 0

Plain-nosed bats ............................................................. 112

Free-tailed bats ............................................................... 140

BAWATCHING .................................................................. 146

FOR MORE INFORMATION ................................................. 152

SCIENTIFIC NAMES ............................................ . ................ 1 53

INDEX ................................................................................ 157

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