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Bo nauka nie musi byę nudna!
THE RISKS OF TAKING DRUGS
I. Read the text and do the exercises. Przeczytaj tekst i wykonaj ęwiczenia
Cannabis
a natural drug derived from the Cannabis Sativa plant, which is found wild in most
parts of the world and easily cultivated in Britain. It comes in three forms: as a solid dark
resin, as leaves and seeds called grass, or as sticky oil. It can be rolled with a tobacco in a
joint, smoked on its own in a pipe, or eaten as part of a cake. There are different strengths of
cannabis although mostly it is quite mild; some forms are very strong and smokers can have a
hallucinogenic reaction. Cannabis was first documented as a herbal medicine used by the
Chinese in the first century AD and today its properties have been claimed to ease the pain,
nausea and vomiting in advanced stages of cancer, AIDS and other serious illnesses.
As well as the risk of nicotine addiction, the deep inhalation associated with cannabis
smoking does affect the lungs and can lead to cancer and other smoking-related diseases.
Cannabis use does affect short-term memory, the ability to concentrate, and co-ordination, all
of which could increase the risk of accidents. As a consequence, it is extremely dangerous to
drive a car, ride a bike or operate machinery if you are stoned. Depending on your experience
of the drug, the use of cannabis can make you feel paranoid or anxious, and a sensation of
dizziness or nausea can occur, especially if taken in combination with alcohol.
Cocaine
is extracted from the leaves of the coca plant found in South America and is a very
strong stimulant affecting the nervous system. Cocaine comes in the form of a white powder
and became extremely popular as a stimulant in the early part of the 20th century, before the
1920 Dangerous Drugs Act banned its use. It was also commonly used as a local anaesthetic
and painkiller. In powder form, cocaine can be snorted up the nose, tasted on the gums, or
dissolved and injected. Cocaine is also known as C, charlie, coke, dust, gold dust, snow, and
white. The effects of the comedown are quite severe, and users often take more and more
cocaine to delay the feelings of depression and tiredness; this often leads to dependence.
Users of cocaine are known to develop a strong psychological dependence to the drug and a
habit can costs thousands of pounds a year, and prolonged use can also lead to panic attacks
and paranoia. Heavy use of cocaine can cause chest pain, heart problems, convulsions, and if
taken in large enough doses it can be fatal. Injecting cocaine could also lead to the contraction
of HIV and hepatitis if contaminated needles or any other injecting equipment are shared.
The long-term use of cocaine can cause serious mental health problems ranging from mild
depression to the extremes of cocaine psychosis, in which the user has symptoms similar to
schizophrenia.
Heroin
is an opiate made from the chemical morphine, which is extracted from the dried latex
of the opium poppy. Morphine is extracted from the opium latex, and these chemicals are
used to make opiates, such as heroin, diamorphine and methadone. Heroin was originally used
as a painkiller in the 19th century, until doctors realised its highly addictive quality; the name
heroin comes from 'heroisch', the German word for hero. Pure heroin is a white powder, but
street heroin comes as a brownish-white powder that can be smoked, snorted or dissolved and
injected. Most of the heroin that is smuggled into the UK comes from Afghanistan. Heroin
can also be known as brown, china white, dragon, H, horse, junk and jack. Heroin is a very
addictive drug, both physically and psychologically, and large doses can lead to stupor and
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Bo nauka nie musi byę nudna!
also coma and, in some cases, it can also lead to death. Because it is so addictive, users may
find themselves taking more and more heroin just to feel normal, and according to
government findings, users spend, on average, ¢10,000 a year to fund their habit. The purity
of street heroin can also vary quite widely, as the drug can be mixed with other white
powders, such as chalk, flour and caffeine. The impurity of the drug means it's often difficult
to estimate the strength of the dosage, which runs the risk of overdose.
Heroin is generally injected, which can cause very serious damage to the veins and also puts
the user at risk of infection from HIV, hepatitis and other diseases transmitted via used
needles. In the first few hours after the last dose, users will suffer aches, hot and cold sweats,
sneezing and spasms which peak after about three days and fade away after about ten days.
However, fatigue and weakness may last for several months. The main treatment for heroin
addiction is prescribed methadone, which is a synthetically created opiate.
LSD
stands for Lysergic Acid Diethylamide, a powerful hallucinogenic drug that is derived
from a fungus found growing on rye and other wild grasses. In 1943, after accidentally
swallowing some of this chemical, a US scientist documented the first LSD 'trip'. Since then,
the US Army investigated its use as an agent capable of disabling enemy forces, and it
became a symbol of counterculture for the hippy movement of the 1960s.
Other names for LSD include acid, trips, drop, flash, L, lightning flash, liquid, lucy, paper
mushrooms, rainbows, smilies, stars, sugar, window. LSD is actually a white powder, but
when it hits the streets it is either in liquid form, or soaked into paper sheets, which are sold
individually. These paper sheets are cut into small squares and often have pictures on them,
which is why there are so many names for LSD. Only small amounts of the drug are needed
to get an effect, so it can also be absorbed into sugar cubes and then swallowed Once a trip
begins, there is absolutely no way to stop it, so if a user experiences a bad trip, there is no
escape, and bad trips are known to be extremely disturbing and frightening. Flashbacks from a
trip can be experienced long after the drug has been taken, and they can be extremely vivid,
leaving the user feeling very shaken and disorientated. Users can feel very paranoid and
threatened, and the experience of being totally out of control can have psychological effects.
Indeed, LSD can complicate problems such as depression and anxiety. There is little risk from
overdosing, and deaths directly related to the drug are low, although risk of having an
accident is increased. LSD is not physically addictive, because tolerance develops very
quickly and after a couple of days, increasing the dose will have no effect.
BBC science
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Bo nauka nie musi byę nudna!
1.
Match the words from the text with their Polish translation. PoþĢcz wyrazy z
tekstu z ich polskim tþumaczeniem.
Ache
ņyto
Anxiety
ņyþy
Chalk
Zmħczenie
Contaminated
ZakaŇone
Cube
WyraŅny
Derive
Szczyt
Estimate
ĺrodek przeciwblowy
Fade
Przez
Fatigue
PrzesiĢkniħty
Fungus
Przepisany
Needle
Przemycany
Painkiller
Przedawkowaę
Peak
Otħpienie
Poppy
Oceniaę
Prescribed
Niepokj
Purity
Mak
Rye
Kreda
Smuggled
Kostka
Soaked
Igþa
Stupor
Grzyb
Veins
CzystoĻę
Via
Bl
Vivid
BlaknĢę
2.
Which of the drugs: Ktry narkotyk:
1.
Affects memory? ÈÈ.
2.
Can be injected? ÈÈ.
3.
May lead to depression? ÈÈ.
4.
Is used to help seriously ill people? ÈÈ.
5.
Comes in the form of a white powder? ÈÈ.
6.
Was investigated by the army? ÈÈ.
7.
Comes from a plant? ÈÈ.
8.
Was used as a painkiller? ÈÈ.
9.
Can be smoked? ÈÈ.
10.
Is made from a mushroom? ÈÈ.
11.
Can lead to cancer? ÈÈ.
12.
Was a symbol of the Hippies? ÈÈ.
13.
Affects nervous system? ÈÈ.
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Overdose
Pochodzię
Bo nauka nie musi byę nudna!
II. Complete the sentences with correct prepositions. Uzupeþnij zdania wþaĻciwymi
przyimkami
1.
She signed a check _____ $2,000
2.
______ my opinion, it was a poor movie
3.
She took the wrong turn _____ mistake
4.
We went to Miami _____ vacation
5.
How about going _____ a drink?
6.
She bought a book ______ Shakespeare for her mother
7.
She has always been good _____ poor animals
8.
I found this letter ______ accident!
9.
We go ______ a trip to Venice
10.
She was angry and to cool down she went _____ a walk
11.
She fell _____ love with him
12.
She canÓt talk to you, sheÓs _____ the phone
13.
What would you like to have _____ lunch?
14.
She is always ______ a diet.
15.
Have you seen my keys ______ chance?
16.
The factory is closed as all workers are _____ strike
17.
She is excited _____ he first Christmas in Africa
18.
I feel sorry _____ her. She has no friends or family
19.
This hotel is different _____ what I expected.
20.
Rome is famous _____ its architecture
21.
I was shocked _____ her behavior last night.
22.
She's worried _____ her future
23.
She is good _____ telling lies
24.
She's disappointed _____ her son's grades in school
25.
They were surprised _____ the bad weather
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Bo nauka nie musi byę nudna!
26.
It was nice _____ you to bring her flowers
27.
She was annoyed with him _____ ignoring her
28.
It was very kind ____ you to buy me such a wonderful present. Thank you!
29.
The streets are crowded _____ people
30.
I have been married _____ John for over ten years
Key
Contaminated
ZakaŇone
Needle
Igþa
Poppy
Mak
Painkiller
ĺrodek przeciwblowy
Smuggled
Przemycany
Stupor
Otħpienie
Purity
CzystoĻę
Chalk
Kreda
Estimate
Oceniaę
Overdose
Przedawkowaę
Veins
ņyþy
Via
Przez
Ache
bl
Peak
Szczyt
Fade
BlaknĢę
Fatigue
Zmħczenie
Prescribed
Przepisany
Derive
Pochodzię
Fungus
Grzyb
Rye
ņyto
Soaked
PrzesiĢkniħty
Cube
Kostka
Vivid
WyraŅny
Anxiety
niepokj
2.
1.
Cannabis
2.
Cocaine Heroin
3.
LSD Cocaine
4.
Cannabis
5.
Cocaine Heroin
6.
LSD
7.
Cannabis/Cocaine
8.
Cocaine Heroin
9.
Cannabis
10.
LSD
11.
Cannabis
12.
LSD
13.
Cocaine
5
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