reflexw_manual.pdf

Business and Licence conditions

for purchasing the Licence of the Program package REFLEXW

By purchasing the licence of the program package REFLEXW the user has

accepted the following utilization, warranty and liability limitations.

§1. COPYRIGHT

The program REFLEXW and the documentation are protected by the copyright law of June 26,

distributed, let, hired out or resold without permission in writing from K.-J. Sandmeier. Only for

the purpose of saving and archiving a copy on disc may be produced. All rights for this program

and the manual are reserved by K.J. Sandmeier, Zipser Straße 1, 76227 Karlsruhe. REFLEXW

is written with Delphi 3.2/Delphi 5 created using Borland International 1988,2000.

REFLEXW

§2. LICENSE CONCESSION

The program package REFLEXW/Reflex2dQuick is licensed, not sold.The legal use of the

program and the documentation entitles to the usage of the REFLEXW /Reflex2dQuick-program

each on one data processing device (computer).

A site licence entitles to the installation and use of the program REFLEXW /Reflex2dQuick on an

unlimited number of data processing devices within the institute.

If renting the program the licence is restricted to the duration of the renting. If the program will

not be purchased after the end of the renting the total program must be returned together with

the manual and all existing copies must be removed.

A testlicence of REFLEXW is restricted to non commercial use and ends after the fixed test

period. The total program must be returned together with the manual and the hardware key and

all existing copies must be removed .

Version 6.0

Windows™ 9x/NT/2000/XP/7-program

for the processing of

seismic, acoustic or electromagnetic

reflection, refraction and transmission data

§3. WARRANTY

1. REFLEXW is an extensive program package for the recording and processing of reflection

and transmission data. No warranty is made for the correctness of the program package

REFLEXW and f or the correctness and completeness of the documentation. However, it is

guaranteed to the user, that the program package is useable in the sense of the program

documentation that is valid at the time of delivery to the user and possesses the features

guaranteed there.

2. K.-J. Sandmeier guarantees that the original program package is duly recorded on a certified

data storage device.

3. If a program package proves not useable as defined by paragraph 1 or defective within the

meaning of paragraph 2, within a warranty period of six months, beginning with the delivery of

the program package to the user, the delivered program package is taken back and exchanged

free of charge for a new program package with the same title. In case that this one also proves

unuseable within the meaning of paragraph 1 or defective as defined by paragraph 2 and K.-J.

Sandmeier is unable to establish applicability with a reasonable effort in a reasonable amount

of time, the user has according to his choice the right of a reduction of the purchase price or to

return the program package and receive a refund of the purchase price.

4. Further warranty obligations do not exist. Especially no warranty is made that the program -

package complies with the special demands of the user. The user alone is responsible for

selecting, installing and using and also for the intended results.

K.J. Sandmeier

Zipser Straße 1

D-76227 Karlsruhe

Germany

Tel. (49)721/491206

Fax (49)721/4067994

§4. LIABILITY

1. T he applicability of the program package for a special purpose is not guaranteed. Also no

liability is taken in any way for incidental or consequential damages arising from the use of this

program package (these are among others without limitation damages due to losses of

business profits, operating troubles, loss of business data or other financial losses). This

exclusion of liability equally applies to damages to a third party.

Please feel free to contact us.

e-mail: info@sandmeier-geo.de

Web: www.sandmeier-geo.de

All companies and product names are trademarks or registered trademarks of

their respective holders.

§5. The court of jurisdiction is Karlsruhe, Germany

Table of Contents

traveltimeanalysis2D) ............................. 38

0.8 Introduction to seismic reflection data interpretation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41

0.8.1 Import the data (done within the module 2D-dataanalysis) . . . . 41

0.8.2 Setting the geometry (done within the module 2D-dataanalysis)

............................................... 44

0.8.3 pre-stack filtering (done within the module 2D-dataanalysis) . . 47

0.8.4 velocity analysis and stacking (done within the module 2D-

dataanalysis) ..................................... 51

0.9 Introduction to the 3D-datainterpretation within REFLEXW . . . . . . . . . 54

0.9.1.generationofa3D-dataset ........................... 54

0.9.1.1 Generating a 3D-file during the import without interpolation

...................................... 55

0.9.1.1.1 Generating a 3D-file from original parallel

2D-lines ......................... 55

0.9.1.1.2 Generating a 3D-file from an original 3D-file

............................... 57

0.9.1.2 Generating a 3D-file from REFLEXW formatted 2D-lines

(done within the 3D-datainterpretation) . . . . . . . . 58

0.9.1.2.1 Generating a 3D-file from REFLEXW 2D-

lineswithoutinterpolation............ 58

0.9.1.2.2 Generating a 3D-file for freely distributed 2D-

lines............................ 60

0.9.1.3resultingREFLEXW3D-datafile ................. 62

0.9.1.4combinedifferent3D-datafiles .................. 63

0.9.2 processing a 3D-data file (done within the 2D-dataanalysis) . . . 64

0.9.3 interpretation of a 3D-data file (done within the 3D-

datainterpretation) ................................. 65

0.9.3.1loada3D-datafile............................ 65

0.9.3.2 display a 3D-datafile using the scroll option . . . . . . . . 65

0.9.3.3 display a 3D-datafile using the windows option . . . . . . 66

0.9.3.4 display a 3D-datafile using the 3D-cube option . . . . . . 67

0.9.4 3D-view of single 2D-lines with arbitrary geometry . . . . . . . . . . 68

0.10 Introduction to the modelling/tomography tools within REFLEXW . . . 70

0.10.1modelgeneration ................................. 70

0.10.1.1createanewmodel ......................... 70

0.10.1.2changeanexistingmodel ..................... 72

0.10.2FiniteDifference(FD)modelling....................... 73

0.10.3raytracing ....................................... 75

0.10.4.tomography ..................................... 77

0.10.4.1 picking the traveltime data and description of the format

...................................... 77

0.10.4.1.1 single shot analysis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 78

0.10.4.1.2 several shots analysis . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84

0.10.4.1.3 picking the first arrivals . . . . . . . . . . . . 88

0.10.4.2 performing the transmission tomography . . . . . . . . . 89

0.10.4.3 performing the refraction tomography . . . . . . . . . . . . 92

0.11 Use of CMP-analysis for a single or several independent CMP-files . 95

0.12 Introduction to the use of 2D-velocity models for further processing . 97

0.12.1. 2D-model from the interactive diffraction analysis . . . . . . . . . 98

Table of Contents

AboutREFLEXW .............................................. 1

0.REFLEXWuser’sguide ....................................... 7

0.1thedifferentREFLEXWmodules ............................. 7

0.1Directorystructure/projectdirectory ........................... 8

0.2somegeneralcomments ................................... 9

0.3ImportandfirstdisplayofGPR-data ......................... 11

0.3.1ImportGPR-data................................... 11

0.3.2Displaythedata ................................... 12

0.4Filteringtheimporteddata ................................. 14

0.4.1Generaloverviewoffiltering .......................... 14

0.4.2Filteringofasingledatafile ........................... 14

0.4.3 Filtering different 2D-lines using the same filter sequence (sequence

processing) ...................................... 18

0.5PickingwithinREFLEXW.................................. 21

0.5.1Pickingsingleobjects ............................... 21

0.5.1.1 Picking hyperbola along one profile line . . . . . . . . . . . 21

0.5.1.2 Use of xy-coordinates defined within the fileheader . . 22

0.5.1.3 control and output of single picks for several profiles . 24

0.5.2PickingdifferentreflectorswithinREFLEXW .............. 25

0.5.2.1Generalflow ............................... 25

0.5.2.2pickadistinctreflector ........................ 25

0.5.2.3 generate a velocity file for the time-depth conversion (open

layershowpanel) ........................ 26

0.5.2.4 combine the different picked reflectors into one layer model

(openlayershowpanel) ................... 28

0.5.2.5 generate an output report of the layer-show (open

layershowpanel) ........................ 30

0.6coordinates ............................................ 31

0.6.1pecularitiesformeandering2D-profiles .................. 31

0.6.2UseofGPS-coordinates ............................. 32

0.6.2.1SettheGPS-coordinates ...................... 32

0.6.2.1 Handle the traceheader(GPS)-coordinates . . . . . . . . . 33

0.6.2.1.1picking ......................... 33

0.6.2.1.2 viewing options within the 2D-dataanalysis

............................... 33

0.6.2.1.3processingoptions ................ 34

0.6.2.1.4 3D-datainterpretation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34

0.7 Introduction to seismic refraction data interpretation . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35

0.7.1 Import the data and pick the first onsets (done within the module 2D-

dataanalysis)..................................... 35

0.7.2 interpretation of the picked traveltimes (done within the module

Table of Contents

0.12.2.2D-modelfromCMPvelocityanalysis ................. 99

0.12.3. 2D-model from the layershow (picked interfaces) . . . . . . . .

1.11.1.1Meanfilter ................................ 209

1.11.1.2Medianfilter .............................. 209

1.11.1.3Bandpassfrequency ........................ 210

1.11.1.4Bandpassbutterworth ....................... 211

1.11.1.5Filter/timedependent........................ 212

1.11.1.6Notchfilter/frequ............................ 213

1.11.1.7Deconvolution ............................ 214

1.11.1.8Deconvolution/shap......................... 214

1.11.1.9Subtract-mean(dewow) ..................... 217

1.11.1.10Subtract-DC-shift ......................... 217

1.11.1.11Crosscorrelation .......................... 217

1.11.1.12autocorrelation .......................... 218

1.11.1.13Resampling ............................. 218

1.11.1.14Walshbandpass ......................... 218

1.11.1.15Shaping ................................ 219

1.11.1.16extractwavelet ........................... 220

1.11.2Gain .......................................... 221

1.11.2.1AGC-Gain ............................... 223

1.11.2.2Energydecay ............................. 223

1.11.2.3Gainfunction ............................. 224

1.11.2.4Removeheadergain ....................... 224

1.11.2.5div.compensation ......................... 224

1.11.2.6Manualgain(y) ........................... 225

1.11.2.7Manualgain(x) ........................... 227

1.11.2.8Scaledwindowgain(x)....................... 228

1.11.2.9x-distancedecay(db) ....................... 228

1.11.2.10compensatestripes ....................... 229

1.11.2.11normalizeprofiles ......................... 229

1.11.2.12normalize3D-file ......................... 230

1.11.3StaticCorrection/muting ............................ 232

1.11.3.1Staticcorrection ........................... 234

1.11.3.2Dynamiccorrection ........................ 236

1.11.3.3Movestarttime ............................ 236

1.11.3.4Muting .................................. 237

1.11.3.5surgicalmuting............................ 238

1.11.3.6Timecut................................. 239

1.11.3.7Correctmax.phase ........................ 240

1.11.3.8Corr.max.phase/wrap ...................... 241

1.11.3.9Correctpickedphase ....................... 242

1.11.3.10Correctfor2layers........................ 243

1.11.3.11Correct3D-topography ..................... 244

1.11.3.12Suppressmultiples ........................ 245

1.11.4Declipping/arithmeticfunctions....................... 247

1.11.4.1Declipping ............................... 248

1.11.4.2Arithmeticfunctions ........................ 249

1.11.5 Complex trace-analysis/spectral analysis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 250

1.11.5.1Complextrace-analysis ..................... 251

1.11.5.2Tracespectrum ........................... 251

1.11.5.3Movingwindowspectrum .................... 252

101

0.12.4. 2D-model from the modelling menu, e.g. from refraction data

.............................................. 102

0.12.5.2D-modelfromtomography ........................ 104

1.2D-Data-Analysis.......................................... 105

1.1FileMenuItem ......................................... 110

1.1.1interactivechoice ................................. 112

1.2GlobalMenuItem ....................................... 115

1.2.1Globalsettings ................................... 115

1.3PlotMenuItem ......................................... 119

1.4ViewMenuItem ........................................ 120

1.5ImportMenu .......................................... 125

1.5.1Import ......................................... 132

1.5.2Importfilenamespecification......................... 134

1.5.3ImportControlOptions.............................. 137

1.5.4Importformatspecification .......................... 141

1.5.5ImportConversionMode ............................ 143

1.5.6ImportControlPanel ............................... 148

1.5.7Importtime/commentspecification .................... 150

1.5.8AccessoftheExabytedrive(RADAN_TAPE)............. 151

1.6ExportMenu .......................................... 154

1.7PlotOptions ........................................... 158

1.7.1Plotsettings ...................................... 158

1.7.2Pointmodeattributes ............................... 161

1.7.3Wiggleattributes .................................. 163

1.7.4 Manual scaling and incrementation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 164

1.7.5PlotGain/Filter .................................... 166

1.7.6Plotsuboptions ................................... 168

1.8PrintMenu............................................ 171

1.8.1PrintOptions1 .................................... 171

1.8.2PrinterSize ...................................... 172

1.8.3PrintOptions2 .................................... 172

1.8.4FontSettings ..................................... 173

1.8.5ControlPanel ..................................... 174

1.8.6Printingonbannerpaper ............................ 175

1.8.7Printpreview ..................................... 176

1.9FileHeaderEdit ........................................ 178

1.9.1Fileheadercoordinates ............................. 178

1.9.2Fileheadertimespecification ........................ 179

1.9.3Fileheaderinput1 ................................. 179

1.9.4Fileheaderfilenamespecification...................... 181

1.9.5FileheaderControlPanel ............................ 181

1.9.6TraceheaderEdit.................................. 183

1.9.6.1traceheadertabella ......................... 200

1.10EditseveralFileHeaders ................................ 203

1.11ProcessingMenuItem .................................. 206

1.11.11D-Filter ....................................... 207

Table of Contents

1.11.5.4Spectralwhitening ......................... 252

1.11.5.51.derivative.............................. 254

1.11.5.6Integration ............................... 254

1.11.5.7Rotate2components....................... 254

1.11.5.8Addrandomnoise ......................... 254

1.11.5.9Tracephase-spectrum ...................... 255

1.11.6TraceInterpolation/Resorting........................ 256

1.11.6.1Markerinterpol ............................ 257

1.11.6.2Traceincr-resampling....................... 261

1.11.6.3Makeequidist.traces ....................... 261

1.11.6.4fixprofilelength ........................... 262

1.11.6.5splitfile ................................. 262

1.11.6.6YFlipProfile .............................. 263

1.11.6.7XFlipProfile .............................. 263

1.11.6.8Resort-traceheader ........................ 263

1.11.6.9Resort-group ............................. 263

1.11.6.10Yo-Yosection ........................... 265

1.11.6.11Traceinterpol-3DFile ...................... 267

1.11.6.12XFlip-3DFile............................. 267

1.11.6.13Shift-3DFile ............................. 267

1.11.6.14create3D-ensembles ...................... 268

1.11.7Edittraces/traceranges ............................ 269

1.11.7.1Remove................................. 270

1.11.7.2Removerange............................ 270

1.11.7.3Interpolate ............................... 271

1.11.7.4Extract.................................. 272

1.11.7.5Replace................................. 273

1.11.7.6Reversepolarity........................... 273

1.11.7.7Settozero............................... 274

1.11.7.8Duplicate ................................ 274

1.11.7.9Move ................................... 275

1.11.7.10Swap2timeblocks........................ 275

1.11.7.11Insertprofile ............................ 275

1.11.7.12Mixprofile .............................. 276

1.11.7.13Combinefilesf.CMP ...................... 276

1.11.7.14mergefiles.............................. 277

1.11.7.15mergeintimedir. ......................... 279

1.11.7.16insertzerotraces ......................... 279

1.11.7.17removezerotraces ....................... 280

1.11.82D-Filter ....................................... 281

1.11.8.1Runningaverage .......................... 283

1.11.8.2Subtractingaverage........................ 283

1.11.8.3Backgroundremoval ....................... 284

1.11.8.4Compress ............................... 285

1.11.8.5Expand ................................. 285

1.11.8.6Stacktraces ............................. 285

1.11.8.7Subtracttraces ........................... 286

1.11.8.8Compress3D-file.......................... 286

1.11.8.9Expand3D-file............................ 286

1.11.8.10averagexy-filter .......................... 287

1.11.8.11medianxy-filter........................... 287

1.11.8.12dilationxy-filter ........................... 288

1.11.8.13erosionxy-filter........................... 288

1.11.8.14constrainborders ......................... 289

1.11.9Migration ....................................... 290

1.11.9.1Diffractionstack ........................... 292

1.11.9.2Kirchhoffmigration......................... 294

1.11.9.3Fkmigration(Stolt) ........................ 296

1.11.9.4topographymigration ....................... 297

1.11.9.5diffraction2D-veloc ........................ 300

1.11.9.6Kirchhoff2D-veloc ......................... 302

1.11.9.7FD-migration ............................. 304

1.11.9.8timedepthconversion ...................... 304

1.11.9.9semblance .............................. 305

1.11.9.10prestackmigration ........................ 306

1.11.9.113D-diffractionstack ....................... 308

1.11.9.123D-Kirchh.migration ...................... 309

1.11.9.133D-fkmigration .......................... 310

1.11.9.143D-Kirchh.2D-vel. ........................ 311

1.11.9.153D-semblance ........................... 312

1.11.10Fk-filter/Fk-spectrum ............................. 313

1.11.10.1Fkfilter................................. 314

1.11.10.2Fkfilter-lineparts ......................... 316

1.11.10.3Fkspectrum ............................. 317

1.11.10.4dispersioncurve .......................... 318

1.11.11SequenceProcessing............................. 319

1.12AnalysisMenuItem ..................................... 322

1.12.1Velocityadaptation ............................... 323

1.12.2PickMenuItem ................................... 326

1.12.2.1PicksaveMenuItem ........................ 334

1.12.2.2Auto-PickMenuItem ........................ 339

1.12.3LayerShowMenuItem ............................. 343

1.12.3.1CreateLayerShow ......................... 345

1.12.3.2CreateLayerShowreport .................... 348

1.12.3.3CreateLayerShowvelocities.................. 352

1.12.3.4 LayerShow amplitude calibration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 355

1.12.3.5LayerShowmultioffsetpicks .................. 357

1.12.4CMP-processing ................................. 358

1.12.4.1CMP-processinggeometry ................... 359

1.12.4.2CMP-processingstack ...................... 364

1.12.5A/Dconversion .................................. 367

1.12.6editcommentmarkers ............................ 372

1.12.7adjusttracegain ................................. 376

1.12.83-componentanalysis ............................. 377

2.CMP(1D)velocityanalysis ................................... 380

2.1CMPvelocityadaptation.................................. 385

2.2CMPsemblanceanalysis ................................. 388

Table of Contents

2.3CMP2D-model ........................................ 390

2.4practicalaspects ....................................... 391

5.4timetermanalysis ...................................... 493

6.User‘sGuide ............................................. 495

6.1GPR-DATA ........................................... 495

6.1.1Whichdatatypescanbeimported? .................... 495

6.1.2 The difference between FileHeader and Traceheader . . . . . . . 495

6.1.3HowistheFileHeadersetorchanged? ................. 496

6.1.4 How is the TraceHeader set or changed? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 496

6.1.5 How are the PlotOptions set or changed? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 496

6.1.6Firstfiltersteps ................................... 497

6.1.6.1Fileheader ................................ 497

6.1.6.2Coordinates ............................... 497

6.1.6.3Shottime ................................. 497

6.1.6.4Peculiarities ............................... 498

6.1.7 Getting information about the velocity of the medium . . . . . . . 498

6.1.7.1Migration ................................. 499

6.1.7.2ZO-data/CO-data .......................... 499

6.1.7.3 CMP-Measurements / Moveout-Measurements . . . . . 499

6.1.7.4 Using Coredata to get velocity information . . . . . . . . 499

6.1.7.5Generating2D-velocitymodels................. 500

6.1.8Pickingofonsets .................................. 501

6.1.8.1Preconditionsforpicking ..................... 501

6.1.8.2Settingofpicks ............................ 501

6.1.8.3Savingofpicks............................. 502

6.1.8.4 Saving of picks to create a layershow . . . . . . . . . . . . 502

6.1.8.5 Export of picks to create contour plots . . . . . . . . . . . 502

6.1.8.6 Picking and time-depth conversion of several layer

boundaries ............................ 503

6.1.9Generating3D-files ................................ 505

6.1.9.1 Generating 3D-files during the import . . . . . . . . . . . . 505

6.1.9.2 Generating 3D-files from already imported data . . . . 506

6.1.10 Interpretation of freely orientated 2D-lines. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 506

6.3seismicrefractiondata ................................... 508

6.3.0 standard processing/interpretation procedure . . . . . . . . . . . . . 508

6.3.1 import seismic data and define the geometry of the source and the

receivers ....................................... 508

6.3.1.1importthedata............................. 508

6.3.1.2 The difference between FileHeader and Traceheader

..................................... 509

6.3.1.3 edit the geometry of source and the receivers within the

fileheader ............................. 509

6.3.1.4 edit the geometry of source and the receivers within each

traceheader ............................ 510

6.3.2processtheseismicdata ............................ 510

6.3.3pickthefrstarrivals ................................ 511

6.3.3.1Preconditionsforpicking ..................... 511

6.3.3.2Settingofpicks ............................ 511

6.3.4 put together the traveltimes of different shots . . . . . . . . . . . . . 511

6.3.5assignthetraveltimestospecificlayers ................. 512

3.3D-datainterpretation ....................................... 392

3.13D-datainterpretationMenuItems ........................... 395

3.1.13D-FileMenuItem ................................. 395

3.1.2ViewMenuItem ................................... 398

3.1.3AnalyseMenuItem................................. 400

3.1.43D-fileprocessing ................................. 401

3.2Scroll3D-file .......................................... 403

3.3Windowing3D-file ...................................... 409

3.43D-cubedisplay........................................ 415

3.5Generate3D-filefrom2D-lines............................. 420

3.6Generatesingletimeslices ................................ 423

3.6.1Timeslicecalculationexample........................ 426

3.6.2Timeslicecalculationoverview ....................... 427

3.7viewfastdatacubedisplay ............................... 429

3.83Dpicking ............................................ 431

4.Modelling................................................ 435

4.1ModellingFileMenuItem ................................. 441

4.2ModellingEditMenuItem ................................. 443

4.3ModellingViewMenuItem ................................ 445

4.4Modelgeneration ....................................... 447

4.4.1Gettingstarted ................................... 447

4.4.2Generatinganewlayer ............................. 447

4.4.3Inputofmodelparameterswindow .................... 448

4.4.4Changinganexistinglayer .......................... 453

4.4.5 Changing the position of all layers within the model . . . . . . . . 453

4.4.6Topography ..................................... 454

4.5FD-Modelsimulation .................................... 455

4.5.1FD-computation .................................. 455

4.5.2Computationofseveralsinglelines .................... 460

4.5.3 Absorbing Range for the e.-m. wave propagation . . . . . . . . . 462

4.5.4FD-modelling3D .................................. 463

4.6Tomography .......................................... 464

4.7raytracing/wavefrontinversion ............................. 472

4.7.1.raytracing2D .................................... 473

4.7.1.1raytracingshot/receivers ..................... 475

4.7.1.2raytracingreflections ........................ 477

4.7.1.3 automatic adaptation of primary reflections . . . . . . . 479

4.7.2wavefront-inversion2D ............................. 482

5.Refractiontraveltimeanalysis2D.............................. 483

5.1traveltimesputtogether .................................. 485

5.2traveltimesassign ...................................... 489

5.3traveltimescombine..................................... 490

5.3.1 combine traveltimes for the uppermost layer . . . . . . . . . . . . . 490

5.3.2combinetraveltimesfordeeperlayers .................. 490

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