Pattern of Syntax.pdf

PATTERN OF SYNTAX – CHANGING THE SEQUENCE

Constructions not occurring in Polish:

a) A much more experienced climber than Lapras, Terray decided to continue the ascent.

Terray,znaczniebardziejdowiadczonyalpinita albo którybyłznaczniebardziej

dowiadczonymalpinitą niżLapra,potanowiłkontynuowaćwpinaczkę

b) As well as helping birds to fly, feathers help to keep their bodies constantly warm.

Pióra ułatwiająptakomlot, a także pomagająutrzymaćtałąciepłotęciała

Shifting the longer fragments, esp. various adverbials:

a) The Donaupark is the second largest green area in Vienna after the Prater .

Donaupark jest po Praterze drugimcodowielkociterenemzielonymwWiedniu

b) In order to look “respectable,” many people feel that they should dress conservatively and, as

a result, they often come to think of themselves as rather unattractive.

Wieluludziądzi,że, aby wyglądać „porządnie”, powinniubieraćiękonerwatywnieiw

efekcie czętouważająięzanieatrakcyjnych

The position of specification phrases is the major difference. In English they often appear after

the noun, whereas in Polish (if it’s not too long) it appears before the noun (the same as with

adjective-noun sequence in Polish. Exception – coined phrases: czapka niewidka, list polecony):

a) In 1066 William the Conqueror, Duke of Normandy , became King of England.

W 1066 roku książę Normandii WilhelmZdobywcazotałkrólemnglii

b) On the wall, there were portraits of Richard II and Elizabeth, his parents.

Nacianachwiiałyportrety jego rodziców ,RyzardaIIiElżbiety

Sometimes the specific rhythm is to be preserved:

e.g.: young, rich and beautiful → młody,pięknyibogaty

Modification because of the use of prepositions:

e.g.: in Asia, the Middle East and Africa → w Azji, Afryce i na Bliskim Wschodzie

PRACTICE:

1. PierreL’Enfant, a French architect, drew up the plans for the city and built the presidential residence.

2. He was one of the many famous and learned Jews buried here .

3. Formerly the Dutch East Indies, Indonesia achieved independence in 1949.

4. A plug-in is a program that adds new capabilities to your browser.

5. In 1807 he composed his Sixth Symphony in which he attempted to translate the rhythms of the

universe and the sensation of an all-pervading divinity into music .

The city is enclosed on three sides by steep gorge, two hundred metres deep, with just one bridge.

7. When an animal grows, its skeleton must grow as well. (2 elementy)

8. By examining the breasts regularly , lumps and changes in shape or discharges from the nipples can be

detected early. (3 elementy)

Their internal organs are similar to those of other vertebrates, but they have gills for breathing in

water, rather than lungs. (2 elementy)

10. This new technology, when implemented , will bring about great savings and increase the

opportunities for the use of bromine products by facilitating their transport. (3 elementy)