THE NORTHERN IRELAND HISTORY
Situated in the north-east of the island of Ireland, it shares a border with the Republic of Ireland to the south and west.
SOURCES OF CONFLICT
o 1169 – the English army invaded the island
o Henry II crowned the King of Ireland
o 1259 – confederation of Gaelic tribes (war)
o XIV/ XV century – troops send to Ireland
o Richard II signed a treaty
o XVI century – Henry VIII send strong army to destroy monasteries
o Elizabeth laid heavy taxes on Ireland
o Plantation of Ulster – first English colonies
o 1641 – national uprising – New catholic Parliament and Government
1800 Union Between Ireland And Great Britain
o Daniel O’Connell – was Irish politician and leader.
o started action to abolish union;
o fought for equal rights of Catholics;
o 1829 – Act of Emancipation –was a process involved reducing and removing many of the restrictions on Roman Catholics e.g. Catholic could vote and become members of Parliament;
o Orange Order – was a Protestant group existed to protect Protestant rights, late changed in political party. Its name derived from William II of Orange;
o 1845 – the Great Famine – time when Irish almost lost their native language; many people dead because of hunger;
FIGHT FOR HOME RULE
o Charles Stewart Parnell – was an Irish landowner, nationalist political leader, land reform agitator, and the founder and leader of the Irish Parliamentary Party.
o wanted to Ireland had their own government under English Queen;
o 1905 – Sinn Fein – political party (one of the three main)
o 1913 – Home Rule proclaimed
o Sinn Fein (protestant) – thought it wasn’t enough
o Orange Order – were against
o Catholic schools and universities
o Irish scouting – Konstance Markiewicz – was politician and the first woman elected to the British House of Common.
EASTER UPRISING 1916
o Easter Uprising was the rising which took place during Easter Week in1916.
o was organized by Irish Volunteers – small political party;
o they fought for Irish independence;
o The rising was quickly suppressed, the 16 of their leaders were murdered. Others were sent to concentration camps.
o the support of the Sinn Fein Party increased because they have nothing in common with this rising Unionist,
o Confederation from America, England
1918 – election to British Parliament
Results:
o majority of seats – illegal Sinn Fein
o January 1919 – Irish government
o chose president – De Valera
o Irish Republican Army – leader M. Collins
o 1919 – 1921 – partisan war – attacks against British and those protestants who supported British policy
May 1921 – Elections to National parliament in two parts:
o the south – Sinn Fein
o the north – Unionist – against division of Ireland
THE THREATY
The Treaty was signed by government.
o signed in December
o Free Irish State (26 counties)
o Dominium – they recognized the British Monarch
o no decision about 6 counties of Ulster
o the treaty rejected by IRA and majority of Sinn Fein
o uprising in Catholic regions in Ulster
1939 – Ireland – neutral (in war)
o 1949 0 Ireland left the Commonwealth
o proclaimed Republic
o the British refused to give back
o 6 counties of Ulster
NORTHERN IRELAND
o two cities: Belfast and Derry
o ¾ protestants – mainly in Belfast and two other county
o 1920’s – own parliament in Stormont
o 1920’s – persecutions of Catholics
o 1960’s – riots of Catholics
o 1969 – British troops came into Northern Ireland
o 1973 – legislation about terrorism was introduces
o 1985 – agreement (signed) UK – Irish Republic
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