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TalkToMeInKorean.com - Free Korean Lesson Notes
LEVEL 1 LESSON 16
In this lesson, we are going to learn how to conjugate Korean verbs.
When you look up verbs in a Korean dictionary, they are in this form:
가 다 [ga-da] = to go
먹 다 [meok-da] = to eat
자 다 [ ja-da] = to sleep
때리 다 [ttae-ri-da] = to hit
웃 다 [ut-da] = to laugh
And when you change the forms of these verbs to express the present tense, the future tense,
the past tense, and etc., the first thing you need to do is to drop the last letter, 다 [da], and
then you have the verb stem.
Verb stems of the verbs above:
가 [ga]
먹 [meok]
자 [ja]
때리 [ttae-ri]
웃 [ut]
And to these, you add the appropriate verb endings to make them complete. And in this lesson
we are going to learn how to change these dictionary forms of the verbs into the present
tense .
This PDF is to be used along with the MP3 audio lesson available at TalkToMeInKorean.com.
Please feel free to share TalkToMeInKorean’s free Korean lessons and PDF iles with anybody who
is studying Korean. If you have any questions or feedback, visit TalkToMeInKorean.com.
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TalkToMeInKorean.com - Free Korean Lesson Notes
LEVEL 1 LESSON 16
The Present Tense
In order to conjugate a verb into the present tense, you take the verb stem, and add one of
these endings:
아요 [a-yo]
어요 [eo-yo]
여요 [yeo-yo]
** Note that we are introducing the endings in the polite language . Do not worry about learn-
ing to use different politeness levels. Once you have learned how to say everything in polite
language, changing it to other politeness levels is very easy to do.
So, which one of these three endings goes after which verb stem?
It’s quite simple.
If the verb stem’s last vowel is ㅏ [a] or ㅗ [o], it is followed by 아요 [a-yo].
If the last vowel is NOT ㅏ[a] or ㅗ [o], it is followed by 어요 [eo-yo].
And only one verb stem, which is 하 [ha], is followed by 여요 [yeo-yo].
Let’s look at some examples.
1)
가다 [ga-da] = to go
The verb stem is 가 [ga] and its last vowel is ㅏ [a] so you add 아요 [a-yo].
So it first becomes 가 + 아요, and then more naturally, it becomes 가요 [ga-yo] for ease of
pronunciation.
This PDF is to be used along with the MP3 audio lesson available at TalkToMeInKorean.com.
Please feel free to share TalkToMeInKorean’s free Korean lessons and PDF iles with anybody who
is studying Korean. If you have any questions or feedback, visit TalkToMeInKorean.com.
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TalkToMeInKorean.com - Free Korean Lesson Notes
LEVEL 1 LESSON 16
가다 [ga-da] = to go (dictionary form)
--> 가요 [ga-yo] = I go. You go. He goes. She goes. They go. (present tense)
2)
먹다 [meok-da] = to eat
The verb stem is 먹 [meok] and its level vowel is ㅓ [eo] so it is NOT ㅏ or ㅗ, so you add 어
요 [eo-yo].
So it becomes, 먹 + 어요 [meo-geo-yo]
먹다 [meok-da] = to eat (dictionary form)
먹어요 [meo-geo-yo] = I eat. You eat., and etc. (present tense)
** Note that there is a liaison in the pronunciation at 먹 + 어 [meok + eo] which sounds like
머거 [meo-geo].
3)
보다 [bo-da] = to see, to watch, to look
Verb stem? 보 [bo]
What is it followed by? 아요 [a-yo]
보 + 아요 ---> Over time, it started being pronounced and written as 봐요 [bwa-yo]. (Say
보 + 아 + 요 three times as fast.)
보다 [bo-da] = to see, to watch, to look
봐요 [bwa-yo] = I see. I look. I watch. You look. and etc. (present tense)
This PDF is to be used along with the MP3 audio lesson available at TalkToMeInKorean.com.
Please feel free to share TalkToMeInKorean’s free Korean lessons and PDF iles with anybody who
is studying Korean. If you have any questions or feedback, visit TalkToMeInKorean.com.
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TalkToMeInKorean.com - Free Korean Lesson Notes
LEVEL 1 LESSON 16
4)
보이다 [bo-i-da] = to be seen, to be visible
Verb stem? 보이 [bo-i]
What is it followed by? 어요 [eo-yo]
보이 + 어요 ---> 보여요 [bo-yeo-yo]
보이다 [bo-i-da] = to be seen, to be visible
보여요 [bo-yeo-yo] = It’s visible. I see it.
5)
하다 [ha-da] = to do
Verb stem? 하 [ha]
What is it followed by? 여요 [yeo-yo]
하 + 여요 ---> 하여요 [ha-yeo-yo]
Over time, 하여요 became 해요 [hae-yo].
** Here, please just remember that this verb, 하다 is very versatile. You can add a noun in front
of it and you can form new verbs. We will introduce how to do this in lesson number 23. But
for now, just remember that 하다 becomes 해요 in the present tense and it means “I do.” “You
do.” “He does.” or “They do.”
This PDF is to be used along with the MP3 audio lesson available at TalkToMeInKorean.com.
Please feel free to share TalkToMeInKorean’s free Korean lessons and PDF iles with anybody who
is studying Korean. If you have any questions or feedback, visit TalkToMeInKorean.com.
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TalkToMeInKorean.com - Free Korean Lesson Notes
LEVEL 1 LESSON 16
Are there any irregularities or exceptions?
Sadly, yes, there are. But don’t worry. Even those exceptions are NOT too far away from the
regular rules!! And of course, we will introduce them in the nicest and easiest way possible
through our future lessons. Thank you once again for studying with us through this lesson!
This PDF is to be used along with the MP3 audio lesson available at TalkToMeInKorean.com.
Please feel free to share TalkToMeInKorean’s free Korean lessons and PDF iles with anybody who
is studying Korean. If you have any questions or feedback, visit TalkToMeInKorean.com.
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