US Marine Corps - Iraq-An Introduction to the Country and People.pdf

(441 KB) Pobierz
Handbook
MARINE CORPS INSTITUTE
IRAQ:
AN INTRODUCTION TO THE
COUNTRY AND PEOPLE
MARINE BARRACKS
WASHINGTON, DC
783486374.050.png
Iraq:
An Introduction to
the Country and People
Introduction
Overview
Purpose
The United States is committed to on-going involvement with Iraq to rebuild
the country. Marines, who deploy to Iraq or are involved with Iraqis, need a
basic knowledge of the country, its culture, history and present-day state of
affairs.
• This handbook explains a number of basic issues that should be in the
knowledge “toolbox” of a Marine working with Iraqis or deployed to the
region.
• You can use the links that form an integral part of this document to
explore further any of the topics discussed in this handbook.
This handbook includes the following topics:
Contents
Topic
See Page
Introduction
i
Overview
i
Iraqi Culture, History, and Religion
1
Culture and Peoples
1
Kurds
3
Iraqi Economy and Livelihood
6
Religious Division or Iraqi Nationalism?
8
Another “Division”: Secular vice Religious
10
Tribes and Villages
11
Iraqi History: A Rich and Ancient Past
13
Islam: The Crown and Thorn in Iraq’s History
15
British Influence
18
Rise of Saddam Hussein: Background
19
Rise of Saddam Hussein: Baath Party
21
Saddam Hussein, Former Leader of Iraq
23
Saddam Hussein’s Policies
25
Kurdish Oppression
26
Internal Control
28
International Response to Saddam Hussein’s Oppression
31
Iran-Iraq War, External Domination
32
Persian Gulf War
34
Continued on next page
Iraq
i
Introduction
783486374.061.png 783486374.066.png 783486374.067.png 783486374.001.png 783486374.002.png 783486374.003.png 783486374.004.png 783486374.005.png 783486374.006.png 783486374.007.png 783486374.008.png 783486374.009.png 783486374.010.png 783486374.011.png 783486374.012.png 783486374.013.png 783486374.014.png 783486374.015.png 783486374.016.png 783486374.017.png 783486374.018.png 783486374.019.png 783486374.020.png 783486374.021.png 783486374.022.png 783486374.023.png 783486374.024.png 783486374.025.png
 
Overview, Continued
Contents,
(continued)
Topic
See Page
Defiance of United Nations: Restrictions on Iraq
36
Arms Inspections and Disarmament
39
Inspections, 1991-1998
40
Important Post-1998 Events
42
Iraq’s Weapons Declaration
44
A New Coalition
46
Possible Options for Invading Iraq
50
Operation Iraqi Freedom
53
Preparation for War
53
Operation Iraqi Freedom : The War Begins
56
Top Priority: Baghdad
60
War in the South
62
Operation Iraqi Freedom : War in the North
64
War in the West
68
The Turkish “Card”
70
Statistics: Operation Iraqi Freedom
73
After Operation Iraqi Freedom
75
Important Political Events in Post-Saddam Hussein Iraq
75
“New” Iraq, Old Neighbors
77
New Iraqi Government
78
Guerilla-Style War
80
Operation Iron Hammer
82
Reconstructing Iraq: Nation Building
84
References
87
Appendix A: Islam
89
Appendix B: Quick Facts on Iraq
107
Appendix C: Chronology of Events Aug. 1990 – Aug. 2002
111
Three Critical
Factors
There are three important factors that have shaped Iraqi culture and society:
• Islam – particularly, the division between Sunnis and Shias (Shi’ites)
• Oil – which supplies Iraq with its “life blood”
• Saddam Hussein – former leader of the country
You will learn more about each of these as you read this handbook.
Continued on next page
Iraq
ii
Introduction
783486374.026.png 783486374.027.png 783486374.028.png 783486374.029.png 783486374.030.png 783486374.031.png 783486374.032.png 783486374.033.png 783486374.034.png 783486374.035.png 783486374.036.png 783486374.037.png 783486374.038.png 783486374.039.png 783486374.040.png 783486374.041.png 783486374.042.png 783486374.043.png 783486374.044.png 783486374.045.png 783486374.046.png 783486374.047.png 783486374.048.png 783486374.049.png 783486374.051.png 783486374.052.png 783486374.053.png 783486374.054.png 783486374.055.png 783486374.056.png 783486374.057.png 783486374.058.png 783486374.059.png 783486374.060.png
 
Overview, Continued
Geography
Iraq or Irak, officially the Republic of Iraq, a country of 167,924 square miles
(434,924 sq km) in southwest Asia is bordered on the
• South by Kuwait, the Persian Gulf, and Saudi Arabia
• West by Jordan and Syria
• North by Turkey
• East by Iran
Baghdad is the capital and largest city. Other large cities are Mosul and
Kirkuk and the port of Basra. The country is divided into 18 provinces.
http://www.lib.utexas.edu/maps/iraq.html has a number of good maps
showing Iraq.
Climate and
Weather
Most of Iraq gets little rainfall. The winters are cool; summers are dry and
hot, with blowing winds and sandstorms. The exception is the northern
mountains along the Iranian and Turkish borders. Here the winters are cold
with heavy snows.
Flooding from the rivers because of melting snow is a problem farther south,
but is less common today because of flood-control projects. Agriculture
depends mainly on water from the rivers.
• Because of the sandy soil and intense heat, Iraqi farmers in the southeast
grow “orchards” of dates and cotton.
• Farther up the rivers, as the elevation increases, rainfall allows different
kinds of crops, such as grains and vegetables.
• In the mountains of the north, agriculture gives way to oil. The largest oil
fields are near Mosul and Kirkuk.
Note: Appendix B provides you with quick facts about Iraq.
Iraq
iii
Introduction
783486374.062.png 783486374.063.png 783486374.064.png 783486374.065.png
 

Plik z chomika:

Inne pliki z tego folderu:

Inne foldery tego chomika:

Zgłoś jeśli naruszono regulamin