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Teach Yourself Java in 21 Days

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Teach Yourself

JAVA

in 21 Days

Laura Lemay

Charles L. Perkins

201 West 103rd Street

Indianapolis, Indiana 46290

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abcd

About This Book

This book teaches you all about the Java language and how to use it to create

applets and applications. By the time you get through with this book, you’ll know

enough about Java to do just about anything, inside an applet or out.

Who Should Read This Book

This book is intended for people with at least some basic programming back-

ground, which includes people with years of programming experience or people

with only a small amount of experience. If you understand what variables, loops,

and functions are, you’ll be just fine for this book. The sorts of people who might

want to read this book include you, if

n You’re a real whiz at HTML, understand CGI programming (in perl,

AppleScript, Visual Basic, or some other popular CGI language) pretty

well, and want to move on to the next level in Web page design.

n You had some Basic or Pascal in school and you have a basic grasp of

what programming is, but you’ve heard Java is easy to learn, really

powerful, and very cool.

n You’ve programmed C and C++ for many years, you’ve heard this Java

thing is becoming really popular and you’re wondering what all the fuss

is all about.

n You’ve heard that Java is really good for Web-based applets, and you’re

curious about how good it is for creating more general applications.

What if you know programming, but you don’t know object-oriented program-

ming? Fear not. This book assumes no background in object-oriented design. If

you know object-oriented programming, in fact, the first couple of days will be

easy for you.

How This Book Is Structured

This book is intended to be read and absorbed over the course of three weeks.

During each week, you’ll read seven chapters that present concepts related to the

Java language and the creation of applets and applications.

i

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21

Teach Yourself JAVA in 21 Days

Conventions

Note: A Note box presents interesting pieces of information related to the surround-

ing discussion.

Technical Note: A Technical Note presents specific technical information related to

the surrounding discussion.

Tip: A Tip box offers advice or teaches an easier way to do something.

Caution: A Caution box alerts you to a possible problem and gives you advice to

avoid it.

Warning: A Warning box advises you about potential problems and helps you steer

clear of disaster.

TER *

New terms are introduced in New Term boxes, with the term in italics.

A type icon identifies some new HTML code that you can type in yourself.

An Output icon highlights what the same HTML code looks like when viewed by

either Netscape or Mosaic.

An analysis icon alerts you to the author’s line-by-line analysis.

Type

Output

Analysis

ii

NEW

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21

Teach Yourself JAVA in 21 Days

To Eric, for all the usual reasons

(moral support, stupid questions, comfort in dark times).

LL

For RKJP, ARL, and NMH

the three most important people in my life.

CLP

Acquisitions Editor

Mark Taber

Development Editor

Fran Hatton

Software Development

Specialist

Merle Newlon

Production Editor

Nancy Albright

Technical Reviewer

Patrick Chan

Editorial Coordinator

Bill Whitmer

Technical Edit

Coordinator

Lynette Quinn

Formatter

Frank Sinclair

Editorial Assistant

Carol Ackerman

Cover Designer

Tim Amrhein

Book Designer

Alyssa Yesh

Production Team

Supervisor

Brad Chinn

Production

Michael Brumitt

Jason Hand

Cheryl Moore

Ayanna Lacey

Nancy Price

Bobbi Satterfield

Tim Taylor

Susan Van Ness

Mark Walchle

Todd Wente

Indexer

Tim Griffin

Copyright ©1996 by Sams.net

Publishing and its licensors

FIRST EDITION

All rights reserved. No part of this book shall be reproduced, stored in a

retrieval system, or transmitted by any means, electronic, mechanical,

photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without written permission from

the publisher. No patent liability is assumed with respect to the use of the

information contained herein. Although every precaution has been taken in

the preparation of this book, the publisher and authors assume no

responsibility for errors or omissions. Neither is any liability assumed for

damages resulting from the use of the information contained herein. For

information, address Sams.net Publishing, 201 W. 103rd St., Indianapolis,

IN 46290.

International Standard Book Number: 1-57521-030-4

Library of Congress Catalog Card Number: 95-78866

99 98 97 96 4 3 2 1

Interpretation of the printing code: the rightmost double-digit number is

the year of the book’s printing; the rightmost single-digit, the number of

the book’s printing. For example, a printing code of 96-1 shows that the

first printing of the book occurred in 1996.

Composed in AGaramond and MCPdigital by Macmillan Computer

Publishing

Printed in the United States of America

All terms mentioned in this book that are known to be trademarks or

service marks have been appropriately capitalized. Sams.net Publishing

cannot attest to the accuracy of this information. Use of a term in this book

should not be regarded as affecting the validity of any trademark or service

mark.

President, Sams Publishing: Richard K. Swadley

Publisher, Sams.net Publishing: George Bond

Publishing Manager: Mark Taber

Managing Editor: Cindy Morrow

Marketing Manager: John Pierce

vi

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abcd

Overview

Introduction

xxi

Week 1 at a Glance

Day

An Introduction to Java Programming

3

2

Object-Oriented Programming and Java

19

3

Java Basics

41

4

Working with Objects

61

5

Arrays, Conditionals, and Loops

79

6

Creating Classes and Applications in Java

95

7

More About Methods

111

Week 2 at a Glance

Day

Java Applet Basics

129

9

Graphics, Fonts, and Color

149

10

Simple Animation and Threads

173

11

More Animation, Images, and Sound

195

12

Managing Simple Events and Interactivity

217

13

User Interfaces with the Java Abstract Windowing Toolkit

237

14

Windows, Networking, and Other Tidbits

279

Week 3 at a Glance

Day

Modifiers

305

16

Packages and Interfaces

323

17

Exceptions

341

18

Multithreading

353

19

Streams

375

20

Native Methods and Libraries

403

21

Under the Hood

421

Appendixes

A

Language Summary

473

B

The Java Class Library

483

C

How Java Differs from C and C++

497

D

How Java Differs from C and C++

507

Index

511

vii

1

8

15

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