Kitzer Shulchan Aruch(okrojony) [ENG].pdf

KITZER SHULCHAN ARUCH

[Code of Jewish Law]

http://www.torahscroll.com/kitzer/

http://www.geocities.com/yona_n.geo/

http://www.vtc.net/~cdgoldin/kitzur.htm

by Shlomo Ganzfried, Eliyahu Touger (Translator)

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BOOK I details the laws governing morning prayers and

benedictions, the synagogue, Torah reading, and Torah study. In

addition, it contains various laws relating to meat, bread, utensils,

grace before meals, and forbidden foods.

BOOK II describes the benedictions and laws relating to the

Sabbath and divers laws pertaining to business and legal

affairs. (Mostly missing)

BOOK III deals chiefly with laws and rituals to be observed during

Rosh Hashanah, the Ten Days between Rosh Hashanah and Yom

Kippur, Passover, Shavuot, Sukkot, and other distinguished days.

BOOK IV discusses the laws governing marriage, the firstborn,

circumcision, the training of children, and other areas of family life.

This section includes the important directions relating to illness,

death, interment, and mourning.

Shulchan Aruch

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What is it?

Shulchan Aruch means 'Prepared Table'. The Shulchan Aruch is the standard code of

Jewish Law . As the name implies, it is written in a clear and concise style so that its contents

are readily understood. The literate lay-person can quickly obtain a ruling on any law or

practice (just as one can quickly obtain food from a laid table).

The Shulchan Aruch has four sections. They are:

Orah Chayim (Way of Life)

which contains 697 chapters.

Yoreh Deah (Teaching Knowledge)

which contains 403 chapters.

Even Ha'ezer (Stone of Help)

which contains 178 chapters.

Choshen Mishpat (Breastplate of Judgement)

which contains 597 chapters.

What is it about?

The Shulchan Aruch is a practical guide to Jewish life. Unlike the Mishneh Torah by

Maimonides, the Shulchan Aruch does not seek to be fully comprehensive, and so does not

detail laws that are seen as no longer valid since the destruction of the Temple. The

Shulchan Aruch does however detail all the laws that still apply , and so is

comprehensive for practical purposes. The four parts of the Shulchan Aruch are arranged as

follows:

Orah Chayim (Way of Life) is about Tzitzit (ritual fringes) and Tefillin (phylacteries), prayers,

synagogue, blessings, Shabbat and the festivals. This part of the Shulchan Aruch deals with

most subjects that a lay person might need to know.

Yoreh Deah (Teaching Knowledge) deals with animal slaughter, Kashrut, idolatry, usury,

ritual purity, vows, respect due to parents and teachers, kindness, circumcision, writing a

Torah scroll, the sick and dying, mourning, and other similar subjects.

Even Ha'ezer (Stone of Help) is about marriage and divorce.

Choshen Mishpat (Breastplate of Judgement) deals with civil and criminal law.

The Shulchan Aruch details the customs and decisions of Sephardi Jews (from Spain, North

Africa, and the Middle East). Like the Mishneh Torah, the Shulchan Aruch does not indicate

sources, and only states final rulings.

Where does it come from? Who wrote it down?

The Shulchan Aruch was completed in 1555 by Joseph Caro (1488 - 1575 CE), a Spanish

born scholar. Caro developed the Shulchan by editing material for his commentary on the

fourteenth century Tur (Exploration) by Jacob Asher. Caro's extensive work, the Bet Yosef

(House of Joseph), soon expanded to be far more than a commentary on Asher's Halachic

work as it contained sources, proof passages, and introduced overlooked material. Caro

abridged the Bet Yosef to form a compendium of Jewish law . As mentioned above in the

discussion of the origins of Mishneh Torah, the question of whether the Shulchan Aruch is in

some sense Divinely inspired depends upon the origins ascribed to the works it is ultimately

based upon.

What do we do with it?

Few books of the Halachah have received such general recognition and comprehensive use

as the Shulchan Aruch. Essentially, the Shulchan Aruch is the principal book of practical

Jewish Law . The Shulchan Aruch contains differing views in some places, and doesn't

always give only one answer to a question of law.

Because Caro was Sephardi (he was born in Spain), his opinions tended to recognise the

Sephardi customs, and disregard Ashkenazi (Northern European) customs. Rabbi Mosses

Isserles (1520-1572 CE), a Polish scholar known as the 'Rama', wrote a book that commonly

takes his name - the'Rama'. The 'Rama' is more properly called the 'Mapa' (Tablecloth), or

the 'Haggahot' (Glosses), and is to be used in conjunction with the Shulchan Aruch. This

work records all the Ashkenazi customs , and is now included in the main text of the

Shulchan Aruch. It is used by Ashkenazi Jews in ascertaining Jewish Law.

Solomon Ganzfried (1804-1886 CE) 'abridged' the Shulchan Aruch to produce the Kitzur

Shulchan Aruch (Abridged 'Shulchan Aruch'). The Kitzur Shulchan Aruch gives

prominence to the first part of the Shulchan Aruch as this contains those laws most

frequently required for daily practice. 'Abridged Shulchan Aruch' is really something of a

misnomer. Instead of merely attempting to reduce the standard Shulchan Aruch in size, the

Kitzur Shulchan Aruch tends to be very stringent as it eliminates certain minority or alternate

opinions, and promotes the more stringent views.

Israel Meir Kahan , 1838-1933 CE, commonly referred to as the Chofetz Chayim (Desirer of

Life) wrote the Mishnah Berurah (Clear Teaching) which is a very famous commentary on the

first part of the Shulchan Aruch. The Mishnah Berurah acts essentially as a guidebook to

the Orah Chayim (Way of Life, the name of the first part of the Shulchan Aruch), and is

published together with the text of that work and the Rama. The standard edition of the

Mishnah Berurah also includes two other commentaries on Orah Chayim by other authors. It

is the standard reference book in many Jewish homes to determine Jewish Law on everyday

matters.

For some Jews, the Shulchan Aruch is very central to everyday life. Either directly or

indirectly it gives them instruction for living their life. For others it is not, because they do not

choose to live according to Halachah (Jewish Law), and so they relate to the Shulchan Aruch

in a different way.

Because new situations arise all of the time as society evolves, commentaries on the

Shulchan Aruch are continuously being written.

What language is it in?

The Shulchan Aruch is written in Hebrew. In places, there are quotations from the Talmud in

Aramaic. The language of the Shulchan Aruch is brief and clear, making it ideal for use as a

reference work.

The Rama, Mishnah Berurah, and Kitzur Shulchan Aruch, are also in Hebrew. The Hebrew of

the Mishnah Berurah and the Kitzur Shulchan Aruch is relatively modern.

If I want to read it...

There is no complete English translation of the Shulchan Aruch. The Mishneh Berurah (Clear

Teaching) is available in an extensive translation issued by Feldheim publishers

What does it look like?

The Kitzur Shulchan Aruch (Abridged Shulchan Aruch) is translated by Chaim Goldin.

LESSONS / BOOK I

1 Conduct Rising in the Morning

2 Hand Washing in the Morning

3 On Dressing and Deportment

4 Rules of Decency

5 Cleanness of Places

6 Laws Relating to benediction

7 The Morning benediction

8 From Dawn Until Praying

9 The Tzitzit (Fringes)

10 The Tefillin (Phylacteries)

11 The Mezuzah

12 Purity for Holding Services

13 Sanctity of the Synagogue

14 Special Verses of Psalms

15 Kaddish, Minyan and Hazan

16 The Shema and Benedictions

17 Reading of Shema

18 The Shemoneh Esreh

19 Mashiv Haruah and Tal Umatar

20 Repetition - Shemoneh Esreh

21 Making Up Omitted Prayers

22 The Tahanun

23 The Reading of The Torah

24 Errors and Defects in a Torah

25 Ashre Uva Letziyon

26 The Mourner's Kaddish

27 The Study of the Torah

28 Scroll and Other Holy Books

29 Moral Laws 30

Talebearing and Vengeance

31 For the Sake of Heaven

32 Concern Physical Wellbeing

33 Dangerous Things Forbidden

34 Laws Concerning Charity

35 The Separation Of Hallah

36 The Salting of Meat

37 The Immersion of Vessels

38 Food of a Non-Jew

39 Eating and Drink Before Meals

40 Washing Hands Before Meals

41 Breaking Bread and Hamotzi

42 Laws Concerning Meals

43 Special Courses During Meals

44 Washing, Grace after Meals

45 Formal Grace (3 or more)

46 Forbidden Foods

47 Non-Jewish Wine

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LESSONS / BOOK II

48 Blessings on the five species of grain

49 Blessing on wine and others

50 The first blessing

51 The concluding blessing

52 The blessings over fruit and vegetables

53 Fruit and Vegetable Juices

54 Primary and Secondary Foods

55 Priority of blessings

56 If errors are made in blessings

57 Eating after saying the blessings

58 Blessing over a fragrance

59 Blessing on new things

60 Blessing Recited over Unusual Sights

61 Blessing of Thanksgiving

62 Commerce and Trade

63 Wronging Someone through Speech

64 Dealing with Forbidden Goods

65 The Prohibitions Against Interest

66 Laws of business

67 Oaths and Vows

68 Laws when travelling

69 Afternoon prayers

70 Evening prayers

71 Behavior at Night

72 Preparing for Shabbat

73 Giving work to a non-jew

74 One who travels by sea

75 Candle lighting

76 Prayers on Shabbat and Yom Tov

77 Kiddush, evening and daytime meals

78 Torah readings on Shabbat and Yom Tov

79 Additional reading

80 Things prohibited on Shabbat

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