Insight UK. Ethnic Diversity (FCO, 2001).pdf

INSIGHT UK

Ethnic Diversity

3,700,000 people –

6.5% of the British

population are from

ethnic minorities –

half born in the UK.

MULTICULTURAL BRITAIN –

a LAND of IMMIGRANTS

Timeline: Immigration – the last 200 years

19th Century

• Jewish arrivals fleeing persecution in Russia and Poland

• Irish settlers escaping poverty

• Trade brings Indian and Chinese people to main ports

One in two black and

Asian Britons are under

25; 41% of Bangladeshis

are under the age

of 16.

1930s

• Refugees from Nazi oppression arrive in the UK

1948

• The boat Windrush brings 492 Jamaicans to the UK –

thousands more follow

• Immigration from Caribbean encouraged to help rebuild

post-war Britain

The average age of

members of the UK

minority ethnic

population is 27.

1950s and 60s

• Settlers from other new Commonwealth nations arrive –

India, Pakistan and Bangladesh

The other parent

of four in ten children

with a Caribbean mother

or father is white.

1970s

• East African Asians and Vietnamese arrive

1980s

• African community expands

• Refugees arrive from Eastern Europe – Romania and former

Yugoslavia

THIS PAGE

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Foreign & Commonwealth Office

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BOTTOM LEFT: © Foreign & Commonwealth Office

BOTTOM RIGHT: © Foreign & Commonwealth Office

OPPOSITE PAGE

TOP LEFT: © Foreign & Commonwealth Office

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Foreign & Commonwealth Office

BOTTOM LEFT: © MoD BOTTOM RIGHT: © Patrick Tsui

RICHLY DIVERSE – the UK

a CULTURAL KALEIDOSCOPE

• Karl Marx Political theorist –

expelled from Paris in 1849

• Piet Mondrian

Artist – fled Paris in 1938

before the Second World War

British Minority Ethnic Population Pie Chart

Other groups

800,000

Black Caribbean

500,000

• Kirit and Meena Patak

Manufacturers – arrived in the

UK in 1956 after persecution in

Kenya

Black African

400,000

• Mario Stanic

Footballer – persecuted

during the Bosnian War

Chinese

200,000

Other

Black Groups

100,000

Bangladeshi

200,000

POPULATION

CONCENTRATIONS

Pakistani 600,000

Indian 900,000

Three fifths of UK minority ethnic

population live in cities – four in

ten in London.

IMMIGRATION

1981 Nationality Act and other

legislation in 1962, 1968 and 1971

restricts immigration into the UK.

FAMOUS

REFUGEES

• Joseph Conrad Writer – came

to Britain having experienced

internal exile in Russia

Nearly 200 languages

are spoken across

London.

Largest minority ethnic

groups in the London Area

In 1999 55,000 people

were granted British

citizenship and

applications for asylum

reached 71,000.

• Sigmund Freud Father of

psychoanalysis – fled Vienna

in June 1938 after Nazi

takeover in Austria

North London

Black Africans &

South Asians

Inner London

Black Caribbeans &

Black Africans

West

London

South Asians

• Manubhai Madhvani

Businessman – refugee from

Uganda in 1972

East London/

Tower Hamlets

Bangladeshis

(nearly a quarter)

South

London

Black Caribbeans

Newcastle

Pakistanis

Middlesbrough

Pakistanis

Greater Manchester

Oldham/Lancashire

Bangladeshis & Pakistanis

Leeds/W Yorkshire

Pakistanis

Liverpool

Black Africans

Leicester

Indians

Scunthorpe

Bangladeshis

Birmingham/W Midlands

Black Caribbeans & South Asians

Peterborough

Pakistanis

Cardiff

Black Africans

Luton

Pakistanis &

Bangladeshis

Slough

Indians & Pakistanis

FAMILY PATTERNS

Two in three elderly

Asians live with their

adult children (compared

with one in ten in the

white population).

EDUCATION

ECONOMIC

ACTIVITY

‘Help students explore and

reflect on the way cultures are

represented in the stories and

poems ... and how language

relates to national, regional

and cultural identities.’ (From

the National Curriculum for

English)

In 1998 2,300,000

people of working age

belonged to minority

ethnic groups.

Most members of ethnic minorities

marry within their community.

One in a hundred couples are

inter-ethnic unions.

The highest labour

market participation

of minority ethnic groups

is among Indian men

aged 24–44.

CULTURAL

IDENTITY

Taking UK South Asians between

16 and 74 years old – three in ten

Indians, two in ten Pakistanis and

one in ten Bangladeshis speak

English as their main language.

7% of the UK school population

learn English as an additional

language to their home language.

21- to 23-year-olds with two A levels

(or equivalent) 1993–95

A survey in September 2000 reveals

that black Britons make a collective

contribution of £5 billion to the

UK economy. Seven in ten people

of Caribbean or African origin in

the 45–65 age group support family

members abroad – to the tune of

£500 million a year.

• Indian 61%

• Other Asians 49%

• White 43%

• Black 40%

• Pakistani/Bangladeshi 31%

One in two minority ethnic adults

have visited their family’s country

of origin in the last five years.

Chinese and Pakistanis were the

most likely to do this – (60%).

In 1998 91% of Indian and 82% of

black 16-year-olds were in full-time

education compared with 67% of

white 16-year-olds

6% of solicitors and 8.2% of

barristers in 1997 were from

ethnic minorities.

Percentage of women from UK

minority ethnic groups always

dressing in clothing from country

of origin:

12% of full-time students

aged 16–25 are young

Asian and black people.

They are only 8% of this

age group.

Eight in ten Asians in the

UK own their homes

• Bangladeshi 85%

• Pakistani 79%

• Indian 43%

• African Asian 27%

Total sales of ethnic food in the

UK – £736 million (1996)

60–70,000 people employed in

ethnic food restaurants.

CULTURAL

IMPACT

Members of ethnic minorities play

a prominent role in all aspects of

British cultural life:

PROBLEMS

Crime: Over a tenth of minority

ethnic people that are victims

of crime consider the offences

to have been racially motivated.

Sources

Commission for Racial Equality

Annual Report 1998

For special report on race see

www.guardianunlimited.co.uk/race

Ethnic Diversity in Britain

Foreign & Commonwealth Office May 1999

Guardian ‘Race’ Supplement

21 February 2000

Health Education Authority survey

1992

Human Rights Impact

Citizenship Foundation

‘Made in Britain’

Refugee Council Annual Report 1998/99

Labour Force Survey 1998–99

Labour Market Trends

December 1999

Social Focus on Ethnic Minorities

1996

Social Trends 31 The Stationery Office

Britain 2001 The Stationery Office

• Yasmin Alibhai-Brown

journalist/author

One in two people

registered as homeless

in London are from

ethnic minorities.

• Ursula Owen writer/co-founder

of Virago Press

• Anish Kapoor artist winner

of 1991 Turner Prize

TACKLING

DISCRIMINATION

The Commission for Racial Equality

set up by the Race Relations Act

1976 helps fund 93 racial equality

councils across the UK.

• Rachel Weisz actress

• Zaha Hadid architect

• Vanessa Mae violinist

• Carlos Acosta

principal dancer, Royal Ballet

• Alek Wek model

July 1999 – McPherson report

published. It followed the first

judicial inquiry into the racist

murder of Stephen Lawrence,

and makes 70 recommendations –

particularly concerning the police

and their dealings with minority

ethnic communities.

• Trevor Phillips

broadcaster and politician

Published by the Foreign & Commonwealth Office, London

Telephone: 020 7270 1500 Internet address: www.fco.gov.uk/

• Ozwald Boateng

clothes designer

Details of other FCO publications are available from

www.informationfrombritain.com

• Shami Ahmed

clothing manufacturer

October 2000 - Human

Rights Act becomes law.

Written by Jerome Monahan

Printed by ABC Printers

on paper produced from trees grown in sustainable forests and

made and supplied by an ISO14001 accredited supply chain

• Denise Lewis heptathlete

• Sol Campbell footballer

• Yvonne Brewster artistic director

Talawa Theatre Company

ARTICLE 14: ‘The enjoyment

of the rights and freedoms set

forth in this Convention shall be

secured without discrimination

on any ground.’

April 2001 Order No: 1042

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