Insight UK. Health and Social Welfare Services (FCO, 2001).pdf

INSIGHT UK

Health and Social

Welfare Services

1908 – Lloyd George introduces

first state pensions.

HEALTH: THE CHALLENGES

The UK has an ageing population:

1901 One person in 20

1910 – First labour exchanges

set up to help unemployed find

work and monitor rates of

unemployment.

1998 One in six people

over 65 years old

One person in 100

One in 14 people

over 75 years old

1911 – National Insurance Act

sets up system of workers’

sickness and unemployment

benefits.

Number of years a person can expect to live in good or

fair health related to current life expectancy (in brackets):

Men: 66.4 years (74.2) Women: 68.7 years (79.4)

1946 – National Insurance Act

sets up compulsory payments

from all workers and their

employers to fund 14 separate

kinds of allowance.

Smoking – 26% of people over 16 smoke in the UK (1999)

Drinking – 15% of people over 16 in UK drink more than

‘safe’ amounts each week (1999).

4 in 10 people in the UK will develop some form

of cancer during their lifetime. It causes 156,000

deaths a year in the UK.

1946 – National Health Service

Act creates free medical

treatment system in Britain.

Some 19% of men and 21% of women are obese.

1948 – National Health Service

starts.

The UK has the third highest rate of death in Europe from circulatory

disease – 65 per 100,000 people under 65.

Government expenditure on

health:

1939 – £920 million;

1950s – £5 billion;

1999/2000 – £43.3 billion.

At any time, one in six people in the UK

are suffering from depression or anxiety.

LEFT, TOP RIGHT AND BOTTOM RIGHT:

Foreign & Commonwealth Office

PROVIDING

for HEALTH

£43.4 billion was

allocated to fund the

National Health Service

in 1999/2000

82p in every £ is paid from taxes.

12p National Insurance payments

(paid by workers and employees).

3p from fund raising and private

patient care.

2p from prescription and dental

treatment charges.

1p comes from land sales.

Health spending in England

1999/2000 ( Total £43.4 billion)

NHS workforce –

1,000,000 people

(500,000 are nurses

and midwives).

Specialist hospitals’

expertise is recognised

nationally and internationally.

These include:

Great Ormond Street, London

(Children)

Moorfields, London

(Eye Hospital)

Royal London Homeopathic

Hospital

Key

£35.7 bn hospital and community

health services, current and family

health services discretionary

£0.3 bn departmental administration

£0.7 bn central health and

miscellaneous services

The voluntary sector is supported

by government funding and private

donations. Numerous organisations

across the UK fund research and

support those suffering from

particular conditions.

Responsibility for health

provision lies with the

Department of Health in

England, the Scottish

Executive, the National

Assembly in Wales and the

Northern Ireland Executive.

£5.1 bn family health services

current, non-discretionary

£1.5 bn hospital and community

health services, capital

Source: Department of Health

On a typical day in the UK:

750,000 people visit their doctor

(general practitioner – GP);

500,000 prescription items will

be dispensed by pharmacies;

ambulances will make 8,000

emergency journeys;

2,000 babies will be delivered;

90,000 will visit a hospital

outpatient clinic;

500,000 households will receive

health care in the home.

PREVENTION

• nine in ten UK children will have

been immunised for diphtheria,

tetanus, polio, whooping cough,

measles, mumps and rubella by

their second birthday

• 87% of women between ages

25 and 64 have been screened

for cervical cancer in the last

five years (1999)

• three quarters of the women in

the age group invited for breast

cancer screening underwent it

in 1998/99

Ratios:

Patients

(1976/77)

1998/99

per doctor (2,400)

1,900

Patients

(1976/77)

1998/99

per dentist (4,100)

2,900

LEFT: © Peter Dupont

TOP RIGHT: © London Picture Service / Foreign & Commonwealth Office

BOTTOM RIGHT: © London Ambulance Service NHS Trust

INITIATIVES

1992 and on-going: The Private

Finance Initiative (PFI)

encourages private companies

to invest and run NHS facilities.

The Health Act 1999

has introduced significant

reforms.

One-stop primary health provision

brings doctors, community nurses

and other professionals into teams

offering a wide range of services

and control of budgets.

SOCIAL NEED:

THE CHALLENGES

Low Income: an income

60% or less of the median

household disposable

income of about £260 a

week.

One pound in every three the

Government spends goes on

social security benefits – the

equivalent of £3,300 per head

of population. This is just

below the average for Europe –

9th of 15 in European Union

expenditure league table.

17% of households in the

UK live on low incomes.

3.2 million children lived

in low income households

in 1997/78.

Social security benefit

expenditure in England,

Scotland and Wales

1999–2000: by broad

groups of beneficiaries

(Total £101.4 billion)

The Government sets an

objective of preventing

300,000 premature deaths

by 2010.

Three in five UK

families receive some

kind of benefit.

NHS Direct launched – 24-hour

telephone helpline providing

advice from trained nurses.

Between April and June 1999,

it handled 202,000 calls.

KEY BENEFITS

Child Benefit – available to all

families once their children are

recorded at the local registry office.

Income support and housing

benefit – payable to people on low

incomes.

Pensions – a state pension is payable

to those that contribute through

national insurance deductions from

their salaries or wages.

Patients’ Charter pledges to reduce

waiting times for operations and

treatment. Ambulance arrival

times: down to 14 minutes in cities;

and 19 minutes in rural areas.

Key

£2.4 bn 2% widows and others

£50 bn 49% older people

April 2000 – Health Development

Agency born. It aims to find ways

to improve the nation’s health by

gathering evidence and then

promoting good practice.

£25.2 bn 25% long-term sick and

disabled people

£1.6 bn 2% short-term sick people

£17.3 bn 17% families

£5 bn 5% unemployed people

Source: (former) Department of Social Security

FRONT COVER IMAGES

STRUCTURE

The Department for Work and

Pensions was created in June 2001

and includes the Employment

Service, the Benefits Agency and

the Child Support Agency. It is

also responsible for creating

Jobcentre Plus and the new

Pensions Service.

DISABLED PEOPLE

Sources

Health Development Agency:

www.hda-online.org.uk/heal.htm

Six million people

in Britain have one

or more disabilities.

National Statistics Online

Our Healthier Nation on-line

www.ohn.gov.uk

Department of Health

www.doh.gov.uk

Disability Discrimination Act 1995

– establishes right of access to

goods and services and makes

discrimination against disabled

people in the workplace illegal.

Department for Work and Pensions

www.dwp.gov.uk

FAMILIES and

CHILDREN

Child benefit received by

seven million families.

Social Trends 30/31

The Stationery Office (2000/01)

The Times on-line:

www.the-times.co.uk

April 2000 Disability Rights

Commission established – duties

include promoting equal

opportunities for disabled people.

UK Datafile 2000

Foreign & Commonwealth Office

One-parent benefit –

those receiving it have

doubled since 1981; now

1.4 million payments.

INITIATIVES

November 1998 – Modernising

Social Services. Launch of £3

billion reform programme.

• a commission to investigate

standards

• children’s rights officers to

inspect children’s homes

• General Social Care Council

to ensure regulation and

training of social care

providers

36,000 on Child Protection

Registers in 1998 for those at risk

of physical harm or neglect.

Published by the Foreign & Commonwealth Office, London

Telephone: 020 7270 1500 Internet address: www.fco.gov.uk/

Details of other FCO publications are available from

www.informationfrombritain.com

59,000 children are cared

for by local authorities.

Written by Jerome Monahan

Printed by ABC Printers

on paper produced from trees grown in sustainable forests

and made and supplied by an ISO14001 accredited supply chain

ELDERLY PEOPLE

Priority is given to services that

enable older people to remain in

their own homes – only 5% of

people over 65 live in special

residential accommodation.

Welfare Reforms – priority to be

given to reducing social exclusion

and fraud, and increasing

opportunities for training through

such schemes as the New Deal.

April 2001 Order No: 1049

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