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Universal Serial Bus
Specification
Compaq
Digital Equipment Corporation
IBM PC Company
Intel
Microsoft
NEC
Northern Telecom
Revision 1.0
January 15, 1996
Universal Serial Bus Specification Revision 1.0
Scope of this Revision
The 1.0 revision of the specification is intended for product design. Every attempt has been made to ensure a
consistent and implementable specification. Implementations should ensure compliance with this revision.
Revision History
Revision
Issue Date
Comments
0.7
November 11, 1994
Supersedes 0.6e.
0.8
December 30, 1994
Revisions to Chapters 3-8, 10, and 11. Added
appendixes.
0.9
April 13, 1995
Revisions to all the chapters.
0.99
August 25, 1995
Revisions to all the chapters.
1.0 FDR
November 13, 1995
Revisions to Chapters 1, 2, 5-11.
1.0
January 15, 1996
Edits to Chapters 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, and 11 for
consistency.
Proposal for Universal Serial Bus Specification
Copyright © 1996, Compaq Computer Corporation, Digital Equipment Corporation,
IBM PC Company, Intel Corporation, Microsoft Corporation, NEC, Northern Telecom.
All rights reserved.
INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY DISCLAIMER
THIS SPECIFICATION IS PROVIDED “AS IS” WITH NO WARRANTIES WHATSOEVER INCLUDING ANY
WARRANTY OF MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR ANY PARTICULAR PURPOSE, OR ANY
WARRANTY OTHERWISE ARISING OUT OF ANY PROPOSAL, SPECIFICATION, OR SAMPLE.
A LICENSE IS HEREBY GRANTED TO REPRODUCE AND DISTRIBUTE THIS SPECIFICATION FOR
INTERNAL USE ONLY. NO OTHER LICENSE, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, BY ESTOPPEL OR OTHERWISE,
TO ANY OTHER INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHTS IS GRANTED OR INTENDED HEREBY.
AUTHORS OF THIS SPECIFICATION DISCLAIM ALL LIABILITY, INCLUDING LIABILITY FOR
INFRINGEMENT OF PROPRIETARY RIGHTS, RELATING TO IMPLEMENTATION OF INFORMATION IN
THIS SPECIFICATION. AUTHORS OF THIS SPECIFICATION ALSO DO NOT WARRANT OR REPRESENT
THAT SUCH IMPLEMENTATION(S) WILL NOT INFRINGE SUCH RIGHTS.
GeoPort and Apple Desktop Bus are trademarks of Apple Computer, Inc.
Windows and Windows NT are trademarks and Microsoft and Win32 are registered trademarks of Microsoft
Corporation.
IBM, PS/2, and Micro Channel are registered trademarks of International Business Machines Corporation.
AT&T is a registered trademark of American Telephone and Telegraph Company.
Compaq is a registered trademark of Compaq Computer Corporation.
UNIX is a registered trademark of UNIX System Laboratories.
I
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C is a trademark of Phillips Semiconductors.
DEC is a trademark of Digital Equipment Corporation.
All other product names are trademarks, registered trademarks, or servicemarks of their respective owners.
Please send comments via electronic mail to USB@fes.fm.intel.com
For industry information, refer to the USB Implementers Forum web page at http://www.teleport.com/~USB
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Universal Serial Bus Specification Revision 1.0
Contents
CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION
1.1 Motivation .......................................................................................................................................... 11
1.2 Objective of the Specification ............................................................................................................ 11
1.3 Scope of the Document....................................................................................................................... 12
1.4 Document Organization..................................................................................................................... 12
CHAPTER 2 TERMS AND ABBREVIATIONS
CHAPTER 3 BACKGROUND
3.1 Goals for the Universal Serial Bus ................................................................................................ .... 23
3.2 Taxonomy of Application Space ................................................................................................ ........ 23
3.3 Feature List ........................................................................................................................................ 24
3.4 Some Existing Technologies............................................................................................................... 26
CHAPTER 4 ARCHITECTURAL OVERVIEW
4.1 USB System Description .................................................................................................................... 27
4.1.1 Bus Topology................................................................................................................................ 28
4.2 Physical Interface............................................................................................................................... 29
4.2.1 Electrical....................................................................................................................................... 29
4.2.2 Mechanical ................................................................................................................................... 30
4.3 Power.................................................................................................................................................. 30
4.3.1 Power Distribution ........................................................................................................................ 30
4.3.2 Power Management....................................................................................................................... 30
4.4 Bus Protocol ....................................................................................................................................... 30
4.5 Robustness.......................................................................................................................................... 31
4.5.1 Error Detection ............................................................................................................................. 31
4.5.2 Error Handling .............................................................................................................................. 31
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Universal Serial Bus Specification Revision 1.0
4.6 System Configuration.........................................................................................................................31
4.6.1 Attachment of USB Device ...........................................................................................................31
4.6.2 Removal of USB Device ...............................................................................................................32
4.6.3 Bus Enumeration...........................................................................................................................32
4.6.4 Inter-Layer Relationship................................................................................................................32
4.7 Data Flow Types.................................................................................................................................32
4.7.1 Control Transfers ..........................................................................................................................33
4.7.2 Bulk Transfers...............................................................................................................................33
4.7.3 Interrupt Transfers.........................................................................................................................33
4.7.4 Isochronous Transfers....................................................................................................................33
4.7.5 Allocating USB Bandwidth ...........................................................................................................34
4.8 USB Devices........................................................................................................................................34
4.8.1 Device Characterizations...............................................................................................................34
4.8.2 Device Descriptions ......................................................................................................................35
4.9 USB Host: Hardware and Software .................................................................................................37
4.10 Architectural Extensions..................................................................................................................37
CHAPTER 5 USB DATA FLOW MODEL
5.1 Implementer Viewpoints....................................................................................................................39
5.2 Bus Topology ......................................................................................................................................41
5.2.1 USB Host ......................................................................................................................................41
5.2.2 USB Devices .................................................................................................................................42
5.2.3 Physical Bus Topology..................................................................................................................42
5.2.4 Logical Bus Topology ...................................................................................................................43
5.2.5 Client Software to Function Relationship ......................................................................................44
5.3 USB Communication Flow.................................................................................................................44
5.3.1 Device Endpoints ..........................................................................................................................46
5.3.2 Pipes .............................................................................................................................................47
5.4 Transfer Types ...................................................................................................................................49
5.5 Control Transfers...............................................................................................................................50
5.5.1 Data Format ..................................................................................................................................50
5.5.2 Direction .......................................................................................................................................51
5.5.3 Packet Size Constraints .................................................................................................................51
5.5.4 Bus Access Constraints .................................................................................................................52
5.5.5 Data Sequences .............................................................................................................................53
5.6 Isochronous Transfers........................................................................................................................54
5.6.1 Data Format ..................................................................................................................................54
5.6.2 Direction .......................................................................................................................................54
5.6.3 Packet Size Constraints .................................................................................................................54
5.6.4 Bus Access Constraints .................................................................................................................55
5.6.5 Data Sequences .............................................................................................................................56
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Universal Serial Bus Specification Revision 1.0
5.7 Interrupt Transfers............................................................................................................................ 56
5.7.1 Data Format .................................................................................................................................. 56
5.7.2 Direction ....................................................................................................................................... 56
5.7.3 Packet Size Constraints ................................................................................................................. 56
5.7.4 Bus Access Constraints ................................................................................................................. 57
5.7.5 Data Sequences ............................................................................................................................. 58
5.8 Bulk Transfers ................................................................................................................................... 58
5.8.1 Data Format .................................................................................................................................. 59
5.8.2 Direction ....................................................................................................................................... 59
5.8.3 Packet Size Constraints ................................................................................................................. 59
5.8.4 Bus Access Constraints ................................................................................................................. 59
5.8.5 Data Sequences ............................................................................................................................. 60
5.9 Bus Access for Transfers ................................................................................................................... 61
5.9.1 Transfer Management ................................................................................................................... 61
5.9.2 Transaction Tracking .................................................................................................................... 64
5.9.3 Calculating Bus Transaction Times ............................................................................................... 65
5.9.4 Calculating Buffer Sizes in Functions/Software............................................................................. 67
5.9.5 Bus Bandwidth Reclamation ......................................................................................................... 67
5.10 Special Considerations for Isochronous Transfers ......................................................................... 67
5.10.1 Example Non-USB Isochronous Application............................................................................... 68
5.10.2 USB Clock Model ....................................................................................................................... 71
5.10.3 Clock Synchronization ................................................................................................................ 73
5.10.4 Isochronous Devices.................................................................................................................... 73
5.10.5 Data Prebuffering ........................................................................................................................ 81
5.10.6 SOF Tracking.............................................................................................................................. 82
5.10.7 Error Handling ............................................................................................................................ 82
5.10.8 Buffering for Rate Matching ....................................................................................................... 83
CHAPTER 6 MECHANICAL
6.1 Architectural Overview ..................................................................................................................... 85
6.2 Dimensioning Requirements.............................................................................................................. 85
6.3 Cable................................................................................................................................................... 86
6.3.1 Cable Specification ....................................................................................................................... 86
6.3.2 Connector (Series A)..................................................................................................................... 90
6.3.3 Connector (Series B) ..................................................................................................................... 96
6.3.4 Serial Bus Icon............................................................................................................................ 101
6.3.5 Plug/Receptacle Mechanical and Electrical Requirements........................................................... 102
6.4 Cable Voltage Drop Requirements.................................................................................................. 107
6.5 Propagation Delay............................................................................................................................ 108
6.6 Grounding ........................................................................................................................................ 108
6.7 Regulatory Information ................................................................................................................... 109
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