metabolizm lipidów.pdf
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MM12_LIP.AI
LIPID METABOLISM
GUT
STORAGE
CATABOLISM
ANABOLISM
FAT GLUCOSE
(LIVER) Cell Membr
a
ne
Cytosol
ADIPOCYTE
Malonyl-CoA
CH
2
OCOR
CH
2
OCOR"
ACYL-CoA
ACYL-carnitine
FATTY ACID SYNTHASE
(2.3.1.86)
Multi-enzyme complex
Includes all the enzymes of
Acetyl-CoA carboxylase
R’CO.OCH
6.2.1.3
2.3.1.7
H
SCoA
TRIACYLGLYCEROL
FATTY
ACIDS
Carnitine
HSCoA
Hormone Sensitiv
e
Lipase
(HSL)
Fatty Acid Synthesis except
Glucagon
Carnitine
HSCoA
2.3.1.20
Adrenaline
3.1.1.28
Insulin
ACYL-carnitine
CH
2
OCOR
CH2OH
R’CO.OCH
CH
2
OCOR
CH
2
OH
u
R’CO.OCH
CH
3
CH
2
CH
2
.CO.S-ACP
CH
3
[CH
2
CH
2
]
n
CH
2
CH
2
CO.S-ACP
Diacylglycerol
Butanoyl-ACP
ACYL-ACP
Diacyl-
glycerol
3.1.3.4
NAD
P
+
NAD
P
+
CH
3
[CH
2
CH
2
]
n
CH
2
CH
2
CO.S-CoA
CH
3
CH
2
CH
2
.CO.S-CoA
ACYL-CoA
Butanoyl-CoA
CH
2
OCOR
CH
2
O-P
HSL?
1.3.1.10
R’CO.OCH
1.3.1.10
Ubiquinone
1.3.99.2
Ubiquinol
Enz.FAD
Enz.FADH
2
NAD
P
H+H
+
NAD
P
H+H
+
Phosphatidate
CH
2
OH
CH
2
OH
1.3.99.3
R’CO.OCH
CH
3
CH=CH.CO.S-ACP
CH
3
[CH
2
CH
2
]
n
CH=CHCO.S-ACP
2.3.1.15
2.3.1.51
CH
2
OH
CH
2
OP
Monoacyl-
glycerol
Butenoyl-ACP
3-Enoyl-ACP
HOCH
CH
3
[CH
2
CH
2
]
n
CH=CH.CO.S-CoA
CH
3
CH
2
CH
2
CH=CH.CO.S-CoA
Butenoyl-CoA
L
i
p
o
p
r
o
t
e
i
n
3-En
o
yl-CoA
Glycerol-3-P
H
2
O
H
2
O
3.1.1.23
HSL?
H
2
O
H
2
O
CH
2
OH
C
CH
2
OP
4.2.1.58
4.2.1.59
4.2.1.61
1.1.1.8
CH
2
OH
CH
2
OH
4.2.1.17
4.2.1.55
HOCH
Glycerone-3-P
CH
3
CH(OH)CH
2
CO.S-ACP
CH
3
[CH
2
CH
2
]
n
CH(OH)CH
2
CO.S-ACP
Glycerol
RCOO
-
CH
3
[CH
2
CH
2
]
n
CH(OH)CH
2
.CO.S-CoA
3-OH-Butanoyl-ACP
3-OH-Acyl-CoA
CH
3
CH(
O
H)CH
2
CO.S-CoA
3-OH-Acyl-ACP
FATTY
ACIDS
RCO-SCoA
3-OH-Butanoyl-CoA
NAD
P
+
(Glycolysis)
ACYL-CoA
NAD
P
+
NAD
+
1.1.1.100
GLUCOSE
6.2.1.3
1.1.1.211
1.1.1.157
N
AD
P
H+H
+
1.1.1.100
RCOO
-
NADH+H
+
NAD
P
H+H
+
FATTY ACIDS
Insulin
CH
3
[CH
2
CH
2
]
n
COCH
2
.CO.S-CoA
CH
3
COCH
2
CO.S-ACP
CH
3
[CH
2
CH
2
]
n
COCH
2
CO.S-ACP
3-Oxoacyl-ACP
3-Oxoacyl-CoA
CH
3
COCH
2
CO.S-CoA
Acetoacetyl-ACP
Acetoacetyl-CoA
Lipoprotein lipase
3.1.1.34
CO
2
CO
2
HSACP
ATP
HSACP
2.3.1.41
2.3.1.16
2.3.1.41
GLUCOSE
2.3.1.9
HSCoA
-OOCCH
2
CO.SACP
Malonyl-ACP
Pyruvate
Pyruvate
CO
2
1.2.4.1
CH
3
CO.SACP
Acety
l
-ACP
NAD
P
H+H
+
ATP+
CO
2
6.4.1.1
2.3.1.39
ATP
NAD
H
+H
+
Pentose
Phosphate
Pathway
1.1.1.40
ADP+P
i
6.4.1.1
CO
2
NAD
P
+
*
-OOCCH
2
CO.SCoA
ADP+Pi
Malonyl-CoA
Oxaloacet
a
te
1.1.1.37
Malate Malate Oxaloacetate
HSCoA
1.1.1.40
TCA
CYCLE
2.3.1.38
Insulin
Adrenaline
ADP+P
i
NADH+H
+
NAD
+
HSACP
CO
2
Citrate
Acyl-CoA
6.4.1.2
ADP+Pi
H
2
O
HSCoA
ATP
4.1.3.8
HSCoA
CH
3
COCH
2
CO.S-CoA
ATP
4.1.3.7
Acetoacetyl-CoA
2.3.1.9
ACETYL-CoA
Citrate
Citrate
ACETYL-CoA
CH
2
COO
-
2.3.1.9
CH
3
C(OH)CH
2
COSCoA
C
H
3
COCH
2
COSCoA
4.1.3.4
NAD
P
H+H
+
3-OH-3-methyl-
Glutaryl-CoA
(HMG)
Acetoacetyl-CoA
CH
2
COO
-
CH
2
COO
-
4.1.3.5
CH
3
C(OH)CH
2
COSCoA
CH
3
C(OH)CH
2
CH
2
OH
CH
3
COCH
3
3-OH-3-methyl-
Glutaryl-CoA
(HMG)
Mevalonate
CHOLESTEROL
Acetone
4.1.
3
.4
1.1.1.34
KETONE BODIES
4.1.1.4
Acetoacetate
CH
3
COCH
2
COO
-
3-OH-Butyrate
CH
3
CH(OH)CH
2
COO
*
Malonyl-CoA
1.1.1.30
Committed to Lipid
Biosynthesis
MITOCHONDRIAL
INNER
MEMBRANE
(LIVER) CELL MEMBRANE
Skeletal & Heart Muscle
Renal Cortex Brain in starvation
KETONE BODIES
ATP
TCA
CYCLE
Acetyl-CoA
Acetoacetyl-CoA
Acetoacetate
3-OH-Butyrate
Fatty Acids
Skeletal & Heart Muscle
ANABOLISM
8CH
3
CO.SCoA + 14NADPH +14H
+
+7ATP
CH
3
[CH
2
CH
2
]
7
CO.SCoA+ 14NADP
+
+7HSCoA+ 7ADP+7P
i
Acetyl-CoA
Pa
lmitoyl-C
oA
8CH
3
CO.SCoA +7 Ub
i
quinol +7NADH +7H
+
+ 7Ubiquinone + 7H
2
O+ 7NAD
+
+ 7HSCoA
CATABOL
I
SM
CH
3
[CH
2
CH
2
]
7
CO.SCoA
(7FAD)
Acetyl-CoA
(7FADH
2
)
Palmitoyl-CoA
FAD is the first of a series of electron-transfer flavoproteins which culminate in
the reduction of ubiquinone to ubiquinol which is part of the respiratory chain
COMPLETE OXIDATION OF PALMITOYL CoA
CH
3
[CH
2
CH
2
]
7
CO.SCoA + 23O
2
+ ~ (106 ADP + 106P
i
)
16CO
2
+
119 H
2
O
+ HSCoA +
~106ATP
This is a fascinating equation which explains how some animals
can survive in the most adverse environments. They can all
use fat as their sole source of energy and also of water
The killer whale (like us) cannot utilise sea-water
ENZYMES
1.1.1.8 Glycerol-3- dehydrogenase
P-
1.1.1.35 3-OH-acyl-CoA dehydrogenase
1.1.1.37 Malate dehydrogenase
1.1.1.40 Malate dehydrogenase
(oxaloacetate
1.1.1.100 3-Oxoacyl-[ACP]
1.1.1.157 3-OH-butyryl-CoA
1.2.4.1 Pyruvate dehydrogenase
1.3.1.10 Enoyl-[ACP]-reductase
2.3.1.51 1-Acylglycerol-3- P O-acyl-
transferase
3.1.1.3 Tria
cy
lglycerol lipase
3.1.1.23 Acylglycerol lipase
3.1.1.28 Acylcarnitine hydrolase
3.1.1.34 Lipoprotein lipase
4.1.1.4 Acetoacetate decarboxylase
decarboxylase
4.1.3.
5
OH-Methylglutaryl-CoA synthase
1.1.1.34 HMG-CoA reductase
1.3.99.2 Butyryl-CoA dehydrogenase
4.1.3.7 Citrate synthase
4.1.3.8 ATP Citrate lyase
4.2.1.17 Enoyl-CoA hydratase
4.2.1.55 3-OH-Butyryl-CoA dehydratase
4.2.1.58 Crotonyl-[ACP] hydratase
4.2.1.61 3-OH-Palmitoyl-[ACP] dehydratase
1.3.99.3 Acyl-CoA dehydrogenase
2.3.1.7 Carnitine O-acyl transferase
2.3.1.9 Acetyl-CoA C-acetyl transferase
2.3.1.15 Glycerol-3- P O-acyl transferase
2.3.1.16 Acetyl-CoA C-acyl transferase
2.3.1.20 Diacylglycerol O-acyl transferase
2.3.1.38 [ACP] S-acy
l
transferase
3.1.3.4 Phosphatidate phosphatase
4.2.1.59 3-OH-octanoyl-{ACP
}
dehydratase
1.1.1.211 Long-chain 3-OH-acyl-CoA "
4.1.1.9
Malonyl-CoA
6.2.1.3 Long-chain-fatty-acid CoA ligase
6.4.1.1 Pyruvate carboxylase
6.4.1.2 Acetyl-CoA carboxylase
2.3.1.39 [ACP] S-malonyl transferase
4.1.3.4 OH-Methylglutaryl-CoA lyase
c
2001 IUBMB
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