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From the knowledge leader since 1768
Year in Review
ALMANAC
People
2010
Awards
Nature, Science,
Medicine, &
Technology
World
In association with
®
United States
Business
ENCYCLOPÆDIA
Britannica
®
Arts,
Entertainment,
& Leisure
Jacob E. Safra,
Chairman of the Board
Jorge Aguilar-Cauz,
President
Sport
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Special thanks to:
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Brooke Reger, Dave Rozzelle, Ilene Schreider, Adriana Tierno, Sydney Webber
© 2009 BY ENCYCLOPÆDIA BRITANNICA, INC. All rights reserved.
All TIME material copyright © 2009 Time Inc. All rights reserved.
Moon: AbleStock.com/Jupiterimages. Photos (front cover left to right): Majid/Getty Images; Nicholas
Kamm/AFP/Getty Images; Frank Edwards/Fotos International/Hulton Archive/Getty Images; Hiroko Ma-
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ISBN-13: 978-1-61535-329-3.
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T
ABLE OF
C
ONTENTS
3
Year in Review
Features
The US in Afghanistan: The Longest War. . . . 5
by Aryn Baker, TIME/Afghanistan
How Twitter Will Change the Way We Live . . . 6
by Steven Johnson for TIME
Skyrocketing Food Prices: A Global Crisis . . . 7
by Janet H. Clark
Seed Banks—Preserving Crop Diversity . . . . . 8
by Gregory McNamee
Combating the Crisis in Darfur . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
by Alex Meixner
Chronology, July 2008–June 2009
Month by Month. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
Disasters, July 2008–June 2009
Month by Month. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31
LifeonEarth ..........................167
Geology. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 169
Geography . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 171
Preserving Nature . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 175
Health. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 176
DietandExercise.....................181
World
Iran:PowerofthePeople................187
by Nahid Siamdoust, TIME/Tehran
Countries of the World . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 188
FLAGS
............................
PLATES 1–6
MAPS
............................
PLATES 7–16
People
The TIME 100, 2009 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35
Celebrities and Newsmakers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37
Obituaries . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76
Rulers and Regimes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 488
Populations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 501
Language . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 502
Scholarship . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 504
Religion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 505
The 2009 Annual Megacensus of
Religions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 508
Terrorism .............................512
Military Affairs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 515
Awards
TIME’sTop100Films....................89
TIME’s Person of the Year, 1927–2008 . . . . . 90
Nobel Prizes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 91
Special Achievement Awards . . . . . . . . . . . . . 104
Science Honors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 109
United States
The Great Recession: America Becomes
Thrift Nation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 517
by Nancy Gibbs, TIME
History ...............................518
United States Chronology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 518
Important Documents in US History . . . . . 520
Government . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 532
The Presidency . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 532
The Supreme Court . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 557
TheCongress........................560
The Senate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 560
The House of Representatives. . . . . . . . 562
Military Affairs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 569
Population . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 575
The States and Other Areas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 582
State Government . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 608
Cities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 613
LawandCrime.........................615
Society...............................620
Family..............................620
Education . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 623
Nature, Science, Medicine, & Technology
The New Age of Extinction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 115
by Bryan Walsh, TIME
Time.................................116
TheUniverse ..........................123
Constellations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 124
Astronomical Phenomena for 2010 . . . . . 128
Measurements and Numbers . . . . . . . . . . . . 144
Applied Science . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 149
Communications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 149
Aerospace Technology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 151
Space Exploration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 151
Space Exploration Firsts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 154
AirTravel..............................155
Meteorology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 156
Geologic Disasters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 160
Civil Engineering . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 162
4
T
ABLE OF
C
ONTENTS
Business
The Future of Work . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 625
by David von Drehle and Anne Fisher,
TIME
US Economy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 626
Energy..............................627
TravelandTourism .....................628
Employment...........................630
Consumer Prices . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 637
USBudget ............................638
USTaxes..............................642
Sport
Sporting Codes for Countries . . . . . . . . . . . . . 695
The Olympic Games . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 696
Special Olympics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 760
Automobile Racing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 760
Baseball..............................762
Basketball ............................767
Bowling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 771
Cricket ...............................773
Cycling ...............................773
Football ..............................775
US.................................776
Canadian . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 783
Australian...........................783
Rugby..............................784
Association Football (Soccer) . . . . . . . . . . . 784
Golf . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 788
Horse Racing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 793
IceHockey............................802
Marathon.............................806
Skiing................................808
Sled Dog Racing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 813
Swimming . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 814
Tennis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 819
Track & Field . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 834
Volleyball .............................840
Weight Lifting. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 840
Arts, Entertainment, & Leisure
The Culture Crunch: Arts and the
Recession. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 645
by Richard Lacayo, TIME
Motion Pictures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 646
Academy Awards . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 646
Television.............................660
EmmyAwards .......................660
Theater...............................664
TonyAwards.........................664
Encyclopædia Britannica’s
20 Notable US Theater Companies . . . . 667
Music ................................667
GrammyAwards......................667
Encyclopædia Britannica’s
20 World-Class Orchestras . . . . . . . . . . . 673
Encyclopædia Britannica’s
Top20OperaCompanies............673
ArtsandLettersAwards.................674
Pulitzer Prizes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 674
Architecture Awards . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 694
INDEX
....................................842
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