0195144201.Oxford.University.Press.What.Went.Wrong.Western.Impact.and.Middle.Eastern.Response.Dec.2001.pdf

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238463542 UNPDF
What Went Wrong?
W hat
W rong?
Western Impact and
Middle Eastern Response
Bernard Lewis
2002
W ent
238463542.001.png
Oxford New York
Athens Auckland Bangkok Bogotá Buenos Aires
Cape Town Chennai Dar es Salaam Delhi Florence
Hong Kong Istanbul Karachi Kolkata Kuala Lumpur Madrid
Melbourne Mexico City Mumbai Nairobi Paris São Paulo
Shanghai Singapore Taipei Tokyo Toronto Warsaw
and associated companies in
Berlin Ibadan
Copyright © 2002 by Bernard Lewis
Published by Oxford University Press, Inc.
198 Madison Avenue, New York, New York 10016
Oxford is a registered trademark of Oxford University Press
All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced,
stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any
means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise,
without the prior permission of Oxford University Press.
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Lewis, Bernard.
What went wrong? : western impact and Middle Eastern
response / Bernard Lewis.
p. cm.
Includes bibliographical references and index.
ISBN 0-19-514420-1
1. Middle East—History—1517- I. Title.
DS62.4 .L488 2000
956´.015—dc21
2001036214
Printing (last digit): 1 3 5 7 9 8 6 4 2
Printed in the United States of America
on acid-free paper
238463542.002.png 238463542.003.png
Contents
Preface
vii
Introduction
3
Chapter 1
The Lessons of the Battlefield
18
Chapter 2
The Quest for Wealth and Power
35
Chapter 3
Social and Cultural Barriers
64
Chapter 4
Modernization and Social Equality
82
Chapter 5
Secularism and the Civil Society
96
Chapter 6
Time, Space, and Modernity
117
Chapter 7
Aspects of Cultural Change
133
Conclusion
151
Afterword
161
Notes
163
Index
173

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