Wind Turbine.pdf

Wind Turbine

Introduction.............................................................................................................................................................. 1

Build It!..................................................................................................................................................................... 2

Tools .................................................................................................................................................................... 2

Materials .............................................................................................................................................................. 2

Templates ............................................................................................................................................................ 3

Construction Steps .............................................................................................................................................. 4

Part A. Frame and Base................................................................................................................................... 4

Part B. Making the Coils................................................................................................................................... 7

C. Build the Stator ............................................................................................................................................ 9

D. The Rotor................................................................................................................................................... 10

E. The Turbine ............................................................................................................................................... 12

F. Final Assembly........................................................................................................................................... 14

G. Test It! ....................................................................................................................................................... 15

Troubleshooting Tips ......................................................................................................................................... 16

Acknowledgements............................................................................................................................................ 16

Wind Turbine

Page 1 of 17

Introduction

The Savonius Wind Turbine

These plans are for the construction of vertical axis wind turbine, modelled after a

design by the Finnish engineer S.J. Savonius in 1922. His idea was to mount two

half-cylinders on a vertical shaft. It was simple to build, and could accept wind from

any direction. However, it was somewhat less efficient than the more common

horizontal axis turbine. The reason for the difference has to do with aerodynamics.

Horizontal axis turbines have blades that create lift to spin the rotor, whereas the

vertical axis design we are using here operates on the basis of drag—one side

creates more drag in moving air than the other, causing the shaft spin.

Permanent Magnet Alternator

This wind turbine model makes its electricity with a simple generator which produces pulses of current, or

alternating current. It does so by passing strong magnets over coils of fine wire. Each time a magnet passes

over a coil, the coil becomes energized with electricity. With 4 coils connected together in series, the result is a

quadrupling of the voltage.

This is the simplest and possibly most efficient way to generate electricity, and is the same basic principle used

in almost all wind turbines, even the large scale commercial ones. The electricity from a wind turbine varies with

the wind speed, so to make practical use of it, you must be able to store it in batteries, or change it into a form

that gives a stable, constant voltage. Usually, electricity from wind turbines is converted from alternating current

to direct current, which can be used for battery charging. You can find plans on the Internet for simple electronic

devices called bridge rectifiers . Bridge rectifiers consist of just 4 diodes, and can be made for just a few

dollars.

Safety Precautions

Utility knives and scissors can be dangerous! Use caution

when cutting materials using them. The blades of most utility

knives can be extended and locked in place. Extend the

blades only far enough to cut all the way through the

material, no farther. Be sure they are locked in position while

cutting.

Hot glue guns can cause serious burns, as can the glue if it

comes in contact with your skin.

The magnets you will be using can cause serious damage to

computers or other electronic devices. Be sure to keep them

away from credit cards, computer disks, audio tapes, or any

other materials on which information is stored magnetically.

Wind Turbine

Page 2 of 17

Build It!

Tools

Materials

Quantity

Item

Sources

Clear plastic water bottle, 1.5L size Grocery and convenience stores, recycling bins

Base 14cm by 25cm, 2cm thick,

plywood, particle board, or lumber

(1x6)

Hardware or home improvement store, or wood

scraps

120m

(approx.)

28 gage enamelled magnet wire

Electric motor repair shops, electrical supply

houses.

Rare earth disk magnets (2-2.5cm

dia.)

Lee Valley Tools ( www.leevalleytools.com );

eBay.

80 to

100cm

Square dowels: 2 pcs. 30cm long,

and 1 piece 20cm long

Most hardware and home improvement stores.

Round wooden dowel (6mm or ¼”)

30 cm long

Hardware or home improvement store.

Light emitting diode (LED 5mm

size,

Electronics supply store (in Canada: The

Source / Circuit City)

Fender washers (3cm diameter)

Hardware store

Wood screw (#8, 5/8ths inch,

square recess)

Hardware store

Screw eye (25mm or 7/8”)

Hardware store

Corrugated cardboard or

foamboard, 60 cm by 20 cm

(approximately)

Recycling bin or stationery store, or art supply

store.

Braces (3cm pieces of square

dowel, both ends cut at 45

degrees)

Cut from a short length of square dowel, or

substitute other material. For supporting the

uprights.

White glue (small bottle)

Stationery or hardware store

Wind Turbine

Page 3 of 17

Templates

Instructions : glue this page to cardboard and cut out the shapes with utility knife.

Wind Turbine

Page 4 of 17

Construction Steps

Part A. Frame and Base

For this part, you will need:

Tools:

• Hot glue gun, glue sticks

• Pencilsharpener

• Screwdriver

• Ruler

• Compass

Materials:

• Base board (14cm x 25cm)

• Uprights (30 cm square dowel, 2 pieces)

• Crossbar (20cm square dowel, 1 piece)

• Screw

• Braces

• RoundDowel

1. Use a pencil, ruler, and compass to mark the base board according to the dimensions in the diagram below:

2. Drive the screw into the center point of the base

board.

3. Using hot glue, fasten the 30 cm long square dowels

to the frame as shown. Use a ruler or square to ensure

they are perpendicular.

4. Add braces to support the frame, as shown.

5. A fully braced upright.

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