Cisco.Press.CCNP.ONT.Quick.Reference.Sheets.pdf

Network Architecture

Cisco VoIP

QoS Overview

QoS Details

AutoQoS

CCNP ONT

Quick Reference Sheets

Exam 642-845

Wireless Scalability

Brent Stewart

Denise Donohue

ciscopress.com

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ABOUT THE AUTHORS

CCNP ONT Quick Reference Sheets

About the Authors

Brent Stewart, CCNP, CCDP, MCSE, Certified Cisco Systems Instructor, is a network administrator

for CommScope. He participated in the development of BSCI, and has seperately developed training

material for ICND, BSCI, BCMSN, BCRAN, and CIT. Brent lives in Hickory, NC, with his wife,

Karen and children, Benjamin, Kaitlyn, Madelyn, and William.

Denise Donohue, CCIE No. 9566, is a Design Engineer with AT&T. She is responsible for designing

and implementing data and VoIP networks for SBC and AT&T customers. Prior to that, she was a

Cisco instructor and course director for Global Knowledge. Her CCIE is in Routing and Switching.

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ICONS USED IN THIS BOOK

CCNP ONT Quick Reference Sheets

Icons Used in This Book

Router

7507

Router

Multilayer Switch

with Text

Multilayer

Switch

Communication

Server

Switch

IDC

Internal Firewall

IDS

Web

Browser

Database

App Server

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CHAPTER 1

Network Architecture

CCNP ONT Quick Reference Sheets

Modern converged networks include different traffic types, each with

unique requirements for security, Quality of Service (QoS), transmission

capacity, and delay. Some examples include:

SONA and IIN

IIN describes an evolutionary vision of a network that integrates network

and application functionality cooperatively and allows the network to be

smart about how it handles traffic to minimize the footprint of applications.

IIN is built on top of the Enterprise Composite Model and describes

structures overlaid on to the Composite design as needed in three phases.

n Voice signaling and bearer

n Core application traffic, such as Enterprise Resource Planning

(ERP) or Customer Relationship Management (CRM)

Phase 1, “Integrated Transport,” describes a converged network, which is

built along the lines of the Composite model and based on open standards.

This is the phase that the industry has been transitioning. The Cisco

Integrated Services Routers (ISR) are an example of this trend.

n Database transactions

n Multicast multimedia

n Network management

n “Other” traffic, such as web pages, e-mail, and file transfer

Phase 2, “Integrated Services,” attempts to virtualize resources, such as

servers, storage, and network access. It is a move to an “on-demand” model.

Cisco routers are able to implement filtering, compression, prioritization,

and policing (dedicating network capacity). Except for filtering, these

capabilities are referred to collectively as QoS.

By “virtualize,” Cisco means that the services are not associated with a

particular device or location. Instead, many services can reside in one

device to ease management, or many devices can provide one service

that is more reliable.

Although QoS is wonderful, it is not the only way to address bandwidth

shortage. Cisco espouses an idea called the Intelligent Information

Network (IIN). IIN builds on standard network design models to enable

these new services to be reliable and layered on top of traditional data

delivery.

An ISR brings together routing, switching, voice, security, and wireless

It is an example of many services existing on one device. A load balancer,

which makes many servers look like one, is an example of one service

residing on many devices.

VRFs are an example of taking one resource and making it look like

many. Some versions of IOS are capable of having a router present itself

as many virtual router (VRF) instances, allowing your company to

deliver different logical topologies on the same physical infrastructure.

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CHAPTER 1

CCNP ONT Quick Reference Sheets

NETWORK ARCHITECTURE

Server virtualization is another example. The classic example of taking

one resource and making it appear to be many resources is the use of a

virtual LAN (VLAN) and a virtual storage area network (VSAN).

Services-Oriented Network Architecture (SONA) applies the IIN ideal

to Enterprise networks. SONA breaks down the IIN functions into three

layers:

Virtualization provides flexibility in configuration and management.

n Network Infrastructure—Hierarchical converged network and

attached end systems.

Phase 3, “Integrated Applications,” uses application-oriented network-

ing (AON) to make the network application-aware and to allow the

network to actively participate in service delivery.

n Interactive Services—Resources allocated to applications.

n Applications—Includes business policy and logic

An example of this Phase 3 IIN systems approach to service delivery is

Network Admission Control (NAC). Before NAC, authentication,

VLAN assignment, and anti-virus updates were separately managed.

With NAC in place, the network is able to check the policy stance of a

client and admit, deny, or remediate based on policies.

IOS features, such as Survivable Remote Site Telephony (SRST) and

AutoQoS, cooperate with centralized services to increase the resiliency

of the network by easily distributing network application logic to the

edges of the enterprise, so that the entire network participates in opera-

tions instead of just the core.

IIN allows the network to deconstruct packets, parse fields, and take

actions based on the values it finds. An ISR equipped with an AON

blade might be set up to route traffic from a business partner. The AON

blade can examine traffic, recognize the application, and rebuild XML

files in memory. Corrupted XML fields might represent an attack

(called schema poisoning ), so the AON blade can react by blocking that

source from further communication. In this example, routing, an aware-

ness of the application data flow, and security are combined to allow

the network to contribute to the success of the application.

Figure 1-1 shows how IIN and SONA more specifically compare.

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