Encyclopedia of Age of Political Revolutions and New Ideologies.pdf

ENCYCLOPEDIA OF

THE AGE OF POLITICAL

REVOLUTIONS AND NEW

IDEOLOGIES, 1760–1815

ENCYCLOPEDIA OF

THE AGE OF POLITICAL

REVOLUTIONS AND NEW

IDEOLOGIES, 1760–1815

Volume 1

A–L

Edited by Gregory Fremont-Barnes

Greenwood Press

Westport, Connecticut • London

Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data

Encyclopedia of the age of political revolutions and new

ideologies, 1760–1815 / edited by Gregory Fremont-Barnes.

p.cm.

Includes bibliographical references and index.

ISBN-13: 978–0–313–33445–0 (set : alk. paper)

ISBN-10: 0–313–33445–5 (set : alk. paper)

ISBN-13: 978–0–313–33446–7 (v.1 : alk. paper)

ISBN-10: 0–313–33446–3 (v.1 : alk. paper)

[etc.]

1. World politics—To 1900—Encyclopedias. 2. Europe—Politics and

government—18th century—Encyclopedias. 3. Europe—Politics and

government—1789–1815—Encyclopedias. 4.Revolutions—History—

Encyclopedias. 5.Antislavery movements—History—Encyclopedias.

I. Fremont-Barnes, Gregory.

D295.E53 2007

909.703—dc22 2007018269

British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data is available.

reproduced, by any process or technique, without the

express written consent of the publisher.

Library of Congress Catalog Card Number: 2007018269

ISBN-13: 978–0–313–33445–0 (set)

ISBN-10: 0–313–33445–5

ISBN-13: 978–0–313–33446–7 (vol. 1)

ISBN-10: 0–313–33446–3

ISBN-13: 978–0–313–33447–4 (vol. 2)

ISBN-10: 0–313–33447–1

First published in 2007

Greenwood Press, 88 Post Road West, Westport, CT 06881

An imprint of Greenwood Publishing Group, Inc.

www.greenwood.com

Printed in the United States of America

The paper used in this book complies with the

Permanent Paper Standard issued by the National

Information Standards Organization (Z39.48–1984).

10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1

This book is dedicated to my father, who, having spent four years in

occupied Belgium during the Second World War, appreciates ﬁ rsthand

the concepts of liberty and freedom

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