Customization Guide RH9.pdf

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Red Hat Linux 9
Red Hat Linux Customization
Guide
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Red Hat Linux 9: Red Hat Linux Customization Guide
Copyright © 2003 by Red Hat, Inc.
Red Hat, Inc.
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Table of Contents
Introduction.......................................................................................................................................... i
1. Changes to This Manual ........................................................................................................ i
2. Document Conventions ......................................................................................................... ii
3. More to Come ....................................................................................................................... v
3.1. Send in Your Feedback .......................................................................................... v
4. Sign Up for Support .............................................................................................................. v
I. File Systems....................................................................................................................................... i
1. The ext3 File System ............................................................................................................ 1
1.1. Features of ext3...................................................................................................... 1
1.2. Creating an ext3 File System ................................................................................. 1
1.3. Converting to an ext3 File System ......................................................................... 2
1.4. Reverting to an ext2 File System ........................................................................... 2
2. Swap Space ........................................................................................................................... 5
2.1. What is Swap Space? ............................................................................................. 5
2.2. Adding Swap Space ............................................................................................... 5
2.3. Removing Swap Space .......................................................................................... 6
2.4. Moving Swap Space .............................................................................................. 7
3. Redundant Array of Independent Disks (RAID) .................................................................. 9
3.1. What is RAID?....................................................................................................... 9
3.2. Who Should Use RAID?........................................................................................ 9
3.3. Hardware RAID versus Software RAID................................................................ 9
3.4. RAID Levels and Linear Support ........................................................................ 10
4. Logical Volume Manager (LVM)........................................................................................ 13
5. Managing Disk Storage....................................................................................................... 15
5.1. Viewing the Partition Table.................................................................................. 16
5.2. Creating a Partition .............................................................................................. 16
5.3. Removing a Partition ........................................................................................... 18
5.4. Resizing a Partition .............................................................................................. 19
6. Implementing Disk Quotas ................................................................................................. 21
6.1. Conguring Disk Quotas ..................................................................................... 21
6.2. Managing Disk Quotas ........................................................................................ 24
6.3. Additional Resources ........................................................................................... 25
II. Installation-Related Information................................................................................................ 27
7. Kickstart Installations ......................................................................................................... 29
7.1. What are Kickstart Installations? ......................................................................... 29
7.2. How Do You Perform a Kickstart Installation? ................................................... 29
7.3. Creating the Kickstart File ................................................................................... 29
7.4. Kickstart Options ................................................................................................. 30
7.5. Package Selection ................................................................................................ 44
7.6. Pre-installation Script........................................................................................... 45
7.7. Post-installation Script ......................................................................................... 47
7.8. Making the Kickstart File Available .................................................................... 48
7.9. Making the Installation Tree Available................................................................ 49
7.10. Starting a Kickstart Installation ......................................................................... 49
8. Kickstart Congurator ..................................................................................................... 53
8.1. Basic Conguration ............................................................................................. 53
8.2. Installation Method .............................................................................................. 54
8.3. Boot Loader Options............................................................................................ 55
8.4. Partition Information............................................................................................ 56
8.5. Network Conguration ........................................................................................ 59
8.6. Authentication...................................................................................................... 60
8.7. Firewall Conguration ......................................................................................... 61
8.8. X Conguration ................................................................................................... 62
8.9. Package Selection ................................................................................................ 65
8.10. Pre-Installation Script ........................................................................................ 65
8.11. Post-Installation Script....................................................................................... 66
8.12. Saving the File ................................................................................................... 68
9. Basic System Recovery....................................................................................................... 69
9.1. Common Problems .............................................................................................. 69
9.2. Booting into Rescue Mode................................................................................... 69
9.3. Booting into Single-User Mode ........................................................................... 71
9.4. Booting into Emergency Mode ............................................................................ 72
10. Software RAID Conguration .......................................................................................... 73
11. LVM Conguration........................................................................................................... 77
III. Network-Related Conguration................................................................................................ 81
12. Network Conguration ..................................................................................................... 83
12.1. Overview ............................................................................................................ 84
12.2. Establishing an Ethernet Connection ................................................................. 84
12.3. Establishing an ISDN Connection ..................................................................... 85
12.4. Establishing a Modem Connection .................................................................... 87
12.5. Establishing an xDSL Connection ..................................................................... 88
12.6. Establishing a Token Ring Connection .............................................................. 90
12.7. Establishing a CIPE Connection ........................................................................ 91
12.8. Establishing a Wireless Connection................................................................... 92
12.9. Managing DNS Settings .................................................................................... 94
12.10. Managing Hosts ............................................................................................... 95
12.11. Activating Devices ........................................................................................... 96
12.12. Working with Proles ...................................................................................... 96
12.13. Device Aliases ................................................................................................. 98
13. Basic Firewall Conguration .......................................................................................... 101
13.1. Security Level Conguration Tool ................................................................ 101
13.2. GNOME Lokkit ............................................................................................. 104
13.3. Activating the iptables Service.................................................................... 107
14. Controlling Access to Services ....................................................................................... 109
14.1. Runlevels.......................................................................................................... 109
14.2. TCP Wrappers.................................................................................................. 110
14.3. Services Conguration Tool .......................................................................... 111
14.4. ntsysv ............................................................................................................... 112
14.5. chkconfig ...................................................................................................... 112
14.6. Additional Resources ....................................................................................... 113
15. OpenSSH......................................................................................................................... 115
15.1. Why Use OpenSSH?........................................................................................ 115
15.2. Conguring an OpenSSH Server ..................................................................... 115
15.3. Conguring an OpenSSH Client...................................................................... 115
15.4. Additional Resources ....................................................................................... 120
16. Network File System (NFS)............................................................................................ 121
16.1. Why Use NFS? ................................................................................................ 121
16.2. Mounting NFS File Systems............................................................................ 121
16.3. Exporting NFS File Systems............................................................................ 122
16.4. Additional Resources ....................................................................................... 126
17. Samba.............................................................................................................................. 127
17.1. Why Use Samba? ............................................................................................. 127
17.2. Conguring a Samba Server ............................................................................ 127
17.3. Connecting to a Samba Share .......................................................................... 132
17.4. Additional Resources ....................................................................................... 134
18. Dynamic Host Conguration Protocol (DHCP) ............................................................. 135
18.1. Why Use DHCP? ............................................................................................. 135
18.2. Conguring a DHCP Server ............................................................................ 135
18.3. Conguring a DHCP Client ............................................................................. 139
18.4. Additional Resources ....................................................................................... 140
19. Apache HTTP Server Conguration............................................................................... 141
19.1. Basic Settings................................................................................................... 141
19.2. Default Settings................................................................................................ 143
19.3. Virtual Hosts Settings ...................................................................................... 148
19.4. Server Settings ................................................................................................. 151
19.5. Performance Tuning......................................................................................... 152
19.6. Saving Your Settings........................................................................................ 153
19.7. Additional Resources ....................................................................................... 153
20. Apache HTTP Secure Server Conguration................................................................... 155
20.1. Introduction...................................................................................................... 155
20.2. An Overview of Security-Related Packages .................................................... 155
20.3. An Overview of Certicates and Security ....................................................... 157
20.4. Using Pre-Existing Keys and Certicates ........................................................ 157
20.5. Types of Certicates ........................................................................................ 158
20.6. Generating a Key ............................................................................................. 159
20.7. Generating a Certicate Request to Send to a CA ........................................... 161
20.8. Creating a Self-Signed Certicate ................................................................... 162
20.9. Testing The Certicate ..................................................................................... 163
20.10. Accessing The Server .................................................................................... 163
20.11. Additional Resources ..................................................................................... 164
21. BIND Conguration........................................................................................................ 165
21.1. Adding a Forward Master Zone ....................................................................... 165
21.2. Adding a Reverse Master Zone........................................................................ 167
21.3. Adding a Slave Zone........................................................................................ 169
22. Authentication Conguration.......................................................................................... 171
22.1. User Information .............................................................................................. 171
22.2. Authentication.................................................................................................. 172
22.3. Command Line Version ................................................................................... 174
23. Mail Transport Agent (MTA) Conguration .................................................................. 177
IV. System Conguration ............................................................................................................... 179
24. Console Access ............................................................................................................... 181
24.1. Disabling Shutdown Via Ctrl-Alt-Del.............................................................. 181
24.2. Disabling Console Program Access................................................................. 181
24.3. Disabling All Console Access ......................................................................... 182
24.4. Dening the Console........................................................................................ 182
24.5. Making Files Accessible From the Console .................................................... 182
24.6. Enabling Console Access for Other Applications ........................................... 183
24.7. The floppy Group .......................................................................................... 184
25. User and Group Conguration........................................................................................ 185
25.1. Adding a New User.......................................................................................... 185
25.2. Modifying User Properties............................................................................... 186
25.3. Adding a New Group ....................................................................................... 187
25.4. Modifying Group Properties ............................................................................ 187
25.5. Command Line Conguration ......................................................................... 188
25.6. Explaining the Process ..................................................................................... 191
26. Gathering System Information........................................................................................ 193
26.1. System Processes ............................................................................................. 193
26.2. Memory Usage................................................................................................. 195
26.3. File Systems ..................................................................................................... 196
26.4. Hardware.......................................................................................................... 197
26.5. Additional Resources ....................................................................................... 199
27. Printer Conguration ...................................................................................................... 201
27.1. Adding a Local Printer..................................................................................... 202

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