How to build a Retaining Wall.pdf

Retaining Wall

How to build a low garden retaining wall

This section will explain how to make a garden retaining wall a

an existing fence, which can transform a dull front or back yard

into an exciting garden.

The retaining wall will be 1 metre in from the fence and on a

420mm high (depending on the contour of the section), and with a

capping board on top will also double for a seat the length of the

retaining wall.

The drawing on the left shows an example of the shape the

ut other shapes and ideas are only limited by the imagination.

long

verage

retaining wall might take, b

Retaining Wall - cross section:

Materials:

posts. The posts will be spaced a maximum of 1200mm and in post holes 500mm deep.

Capping: H4 treated 150x40 sawn. Usually sold in random lengths.

Instructions

Determine the shape and perimet

slightly above ground and tied to stakes where needed. The stringline will mark the outside

boundary of the retaining wall.

ers of the retaining wall and mark out with a string line

Mark out all end and corner

corners will have 1 post (see drawing below)

post holes first. External corners will have 2 posts and internal

osts: H4 treated 100x100 sawn posts obtainable in 3 metre lengths. Each length will do 3

etaining boards: H4 treated 150x40 sawn. Usually sold in random lengths.

tep 1: Determine perimeters

tep 2: Preparing holes

Measure and divide the straight lines between the corners and ends into equal distances not

exceeding 1200mm and mark for post holes.

Dig all the post holes 250mm diameter and 500mm deep.

NOTE: If the ground is exceptionally soft then the hole should be deeper and the diameter

larger, where as if the ground is exceptionally hard then the hole would not need to be so

deep. Commonsense stuff.

Step 3: Putting in the posts

Cut all the posts 1 meter long. That is slightly longer than required, but the tops will be

trimmed later.

Make a mix of concrete.

In a wheelbarrow or concrete mixer make a mix consisting of 5 parts builders mix, to one part

cement. Pour in clean water and mix to a uniform consistancy with a spade or shovel. The

mix should be stiff enough to hold up the posts without the need of bracing props yet wet

enough to work around the posts

Put the corner and end posts in first. position the posts to almost touching the stringline and

ensure post is plumb or vertical by way of holding a spirit level against two adjacent sides of

the post. Shovel concrete around the post and fill to within 50mm from the top of the hole.

Lift the post up slightly in order to allow some concrete to flow under the post. Shake the post

repeatedly slightly back and forward (having a vibrating effect) to enable the concrete to flow

evenly under and around the post. You shake it to the left you shake it to the right you do

the hippy shake and you shake it all about...

Check the post again for position and plum.

Repeat this action untill all posts are in. First the corner and end posts and then the

intermediate posts.

Leave a couple of days to set.

Step 4: Fixing the retaining boards

The posts should be approximately 550mm out of the ground. That is more than needed, but

the tops will be trimmed off later.

The retaining boards are 150x40 sawn h4 treated, and the required finished height of the wall

including the capping is 420mm which is a good seat height, but of course the height will vary

in places due to the contour of the ground.

To obtain the required height (420mm), the first (bottom) board needs to be 80mm above

ground level. Achieve this by either ripping (cutting) along the board or by digging the board

into the ground. Fix the first board level to the inside of the posts with 90mm galvanised nails.

Join boards only on posts.

Fix another two boards on top of the first.

If the ground is not even, it will be necessary to either step up or step down the retaining wall

depending on the contour of the ground. Do this as shown in drawing below.

Step 5: Trimming the posts and fixing the capping.

With a handsaw, trim the top of the posts off level and flush with the top of the retaining

boards.

Fix the capping (150x40 sawn H4 treated timber) on it's flat so it covers both retaining board

and post. Mitre corners and rises and fix to both retaining boards and posts with 100mm

galvanised flathead nails.

Step 6: Fixing the retaining boards to the fence.

Fix the top retaining board to the fence posts with 100mm galvanised nails so it is level with

the top of the retaining wall capping

Fix the second board under the first and nail also to the fence posts.

The third board (bottom) can be placed on the ground and against the second board. It does

not have to be ripped (cut) or dug into the ground. The loose fit is good for water seepage.

Fence posts are not purpose designed as retaining wall posts, so a brace is required to stop

the fence from leaning or being forced out when the soil is placed in the retained area.

Brace each post as shown in the drawing below using 75x40 h4 treated timber for both

braces and pegs (rip 150x40 retaining board in half to get the braces and pegs. Bolt the

braces to both the fence posts and the pegs using galvanised bolts or galvanised coach

screws.

Step 7: Drainage and fill.

This retaining wall retains little soil and not subject to the forces of higher walls, however, a

drainage system is still advisable to take seepage away and to avoid any possible

waterlogging.

Position old sheets of cardboard, hardboard or gibboard (or some other material that will

disintegrate) down the back, about 100mm behind the retaining wall. Commence filling the

retaining area up. Fill between the sheets and the wall with drainage metal and behind with

soil, keeping the level the same on both sides of the sheets.

If there are gaps between the retaining boards, that will be enough to let the seepage through

and complete the drainage system.

If there are no gaps between the retaining boards, either drill weep holes in the bottom

retaining board about every 1200mm or run a drain coil or drain tile the length of the wall at

the bottom of the drainage metal backfill.

An average size trailer holds half a cubic metre.

Material

Comments

100x100 sawn h4

treated

Comes in lengths of 2400mm, 3000mm and random

150x40 sawn h4

treated

Random lengths up to 6m long

Top soil

sold loose from quater cubic metre upwards

Scoria ap20

Drainage metal. Sold loose from quater cubic metre upwards

Builders mix 20mm

For concrete. Sold loose from quater cubic metre upwards or sold in

handy bags for smaller jobs.

Cement

For concrete. Sold by the bag. Usually 40kg and 25kg

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