Dashew - Practical Seamanship.pdf - Podręczniki - matrobert2

Seamanship

Practical

Essential Skills For The Modern Sailor

Steve & Linda

DASHEW

Also by Steve and Linda Dashew:

Circumnavigator’s Handbook

Bluewater Handbook

Offshore Cruising Encyclopedia: First Edition

Offshore Cruising Encyclopedia: Second Edition

In Search of the Perfect Yacht

Mariner’s Weather Handbook

Surviving the Storm: Coastal and Offshore Tactics

Dashew Offshore Video

Beowulf: The Epic Continues Video

Visit us on the internet at

http://www.setsail.com

Library of Congress Catalog Card Number 00-093461

Dashew, Steve and Linda, 1941-

Practical Seamanship

reproduced or used in any form or by any means—graphic,

electronic, or mechanical, including photocopying, taping,

or information storage and retrieval systems without the

written permission of the publishers.

CD-ROM release history:

Version 2.1 February 2001

Beowulf, Inc.

PMB 163 - 4740 East Sunrise Drive

Tucson, Arizona 85718 USA

www.SetSail.com

CD-ROM designed and produced by

Elyse Dashew, EDX Communications

EDICATION

The world of cruising is driven by dreamers. Dreamers design and

build the boats (otherwise they would be doing something more

proﬁtable), and dreamers buy the products in hopes of fulﬁlling their

own vision—whether a weekend cruise or an open-ended circum-

navigation.

And while most boats sit tied to the dock, to be used only on occa-

sion, a very few actually head out towards the unknown. Perhaps it is

a two-week cruise to Martha’s Vineyard or the Channel Islands from

home port. Or maybe it’s to Mexico with thoughts of the South

Paciﬁc. Wherever they sail, these folks are making their dreams

come true. And it is the “doers,” those making it happen, to whom we

dedicate

EDICATION

It wasn’t that many years ago

that sailors took pride in

their seamanship. It was

these skills, after all, which

kept them safe, helped them

to make a living, and

brought approval in the eyes

of their contemporaries.

Study this image of the

schooner Mariette, every

inch of her canvas set per-

fectly as she slides along on

a beam reach. She’s one of

Nathaniel Herreshoff’s won-

derful designs. Built in 1915,

when she’s reaching like this

there are few modern mega-

yachts which can sail with

her.

Her history and the way she

is handled today is an inspi-

ration to all modern sailors.

Practical Seamanship

ABLE

ONTENTS

Table of Contents

EDICATION

...................................................... 3

Boat Heel .........................................................48

Weather Helm ..................................................49

Steering Control ...............................................49

Keel Load ........................................................49

Wind Shear ......................................................49

NTRODUCTION

................................................ 13

Prioritize Your Time ........................................13

Defensive Seamanship .....................................13

Staying Current ................................................14

Crew Size .........................................................15

Check Lists ......................................................16

Stay In Touch ...................................................16

Visit Us On the Internet ...................................16

Priorities ..........................................................16

........................ 51

Up in the Lulls, Down in the Puffs ...................51

Tradewind Cycles ............................................52

Closer to Shore .................................................52

The Vang .........................................................52

ERFORMANCE

AIL

....................................................... 54

Headsails .........................................................54

Mainsail ...........................................................55

RIM

CKNOWLEDGEMENTS

.................................... 17

REPARATION

..........18

........................................... 56

Setting Up the Jib .............................................56

Sailing to Jib Telltales ......................................57

Mainsail Telltales ............................................58

Spinnaker Indicators ........................................60

ELLTALES

RE-

............................... 18

Access ..............................................................18

Steering Gear ...................................................18

Through-Hull Fittings ......................................19

Self-Steering ....................................................19

Propulsion Machinery ......................................20

The Rig ............................................................20

Sails .................................................................25

Chafe ................................................................26

Running Rigging ..............................................27

Deck Hardware ................................................29

Lifeline Systems ..............................................29

Safety Gear ......................................................29

Ground Tackle .................................................30

Checking for Leaks ..........................................31

Bilge Pumping .................................................32

Securing the Interior ........................................33

Electronics .......................................................33

EPARTURE

URVEY

............................. 60

Mainsail ...........................................................60

Headsails .........................................................61

AIL

HAPE

AILING

............................................. 62

Sail Selection ...................................................62

Headsail Trim While Beating ..........................63

Mainsail Control ..............................................63

Steering Technique ..........................................64

Steering Indicators ...........................................64

Working the Wind Shifts .................................65

Sailing to Target Boat Speed ............................65

Windvane Settings ...........................................66

Using the Autopilot ..........................................66

Coordinating With Sail Trim ...........................67

Helm Balance ..................................................67

Waiting Out the Weather .................................67

Avoiding Waves ..............................................68

PWIND

HAKEDOWN

....................................... 34

Mechanical Systems ........................................34

Loading the Engine ..........................................34

Maintenance Procedures ..................................35

Sail Trials .........................................................36

Rig Tune ..........................................................36

After a Couple of Days .....................................37

Electronics .......................................................37

Cockpit Drains .................................................37

Leaks (Again!) .................................................38

RUISE

......................................................... 72

Hydrodynamic Issues ......................................72

Working the Sheets ..........................................73

Tacking Techniques .........................................74

In Heavy Airs ...................................................74

In Big Seas .......................................................75

In Irons .............................................................75

LEARING

..................................... 39

Don’t Compromise Your Stability ...................39

Headsail Change ..............................................40

Don’t Procrastinate! .........................................41

THE

ECKS

....................................................... 76

Mainsail Trim ..................................................76

Headsail Selection ...........................................77

Reaching Headsail Trim ..................................77

Twin Headsail Reaching ..................................78

Steering Technique ..........................................78

THE

ROS

..................................... 42

HOMAS

............................................... 42

Getting Ready to Head to Sea ..........................42

Safety First .......................................................43

Advice for Those Just Starting Out ..................43

ERRY

.................. 80

Sheeting to the Main Boom ..............................80

Single Headsail to Weather ..............................81

Twin Headsails Downwind ..............................83

Free-Flying Headsails ......................................84

Main Boom Sheeting Angle .............................84

Scandalizing the Mainsail ................................85

EACHING

AND

UNNING

OAT

ANDLING

..........44

HORTENING

THE

EARNING

URVE

.............. 44

PEED

.............................................................. 45

Current vs. Boat Speed .....................................46

Weather Avoidance .........................................46

Speed/Length Ratios ........................................46

TEERING

........................ 85

Design Issues ...................................................85

Steering Technique...........................................85

Impact of Sea State ..........................................86

Using Wind Shifts ............................................86

Setting Self-Steering ........................................86

ROAD

NGLES

ERFORMANCE

............. 47

Cruising Displacement ....................................47

Sail Inventory ..................................................47

Underwater Condition .....................................47

-A

FFECTING

ACTORS

AINTAINING

SING

ONTROLLING

ACKING

EACHING

ROAD

ABLE

ONTENTS

Cross Chop Issues ........................................... 87

As the Wind Increases ..................................... 87

Prop Cavitation ............................................. 128

Running Rigging in the Prop ......................... 128

S AILING IN T IGHT Q UARTERS ....................... 129

Rig Configuration ......................................... 130

Cabo San Lucas ............................................. 131

Using Sails to Help Steer ............................... 132

Pre-Planning ................................................. 132

Anchors Ready .............................................. 132

Working in Close to Land ............................. 133

East London .................................................. 133

Setting the Hook ............................................ 135

Anchor Size ................................................... 135

Room to Leeward .......................................... 135

“Average” Boom Position ............................. 136

Sailing Bare Headed ...................................... 136

B ACKING D OWN UNDER S AIL ....................... 137

The Backstaysail ........................................... 137

Split Rigs ....................................................... 137

Steering in Reverse ....................................... 137

Using the Mainsail ........................................ 137

Backwards in New Zealand .......................... 138

Getting the Bow to Pay Off ........................... 139

S AILING O UT THE A NCHOR .......................... 140

Favored Tack ................................................ 140

Beating in Tight Quarters .............................. 141

When It Is Blowing ....................................... 141

Using Just the Jib ........................................... 141

K EN A RGENT ................................................ 142

Watch Standing ............................................. 142

Weather Routing ........................................... 142

First Sail of the Season .................................. 143

W ORKING ON D ECK ..........146

S AFETY AT S EA ............................................. 147

Use a Safety Harness ..................................... 147

Tethers .......................................................... 148

Connection Points ......................................... 148

Handholds ..................................................... 149

Working the Deck ......................................... 150

Don’t Stand in a Bight of Line ....................... 150

Shoes ............................................................. 151

Toerail ........................................................... 151

T HE F OREDECK ............................................. 152

Halyards ........................................................ 152

Mast Preparation ........................................... 153

Making up Halyards ...................................... 153

Sail Preparation ............................................. 153

Foredeck Netting ........................................... 154

Night Preparation .......................................... 154

Basic Safety Precautions ............................... 155

Handling Headsails ....................................... 155

Downwind Sail Changes ............................... 156

Changing Roller-Furled Jibs ......................... 157

Upwind Foredeck Work ................................ 158

Sail Overboard .............................................. 159

H ANDLING R UNNING R IGGING ..................... 160

Avoid Overload ............................................. 160

Effects of Rope Construction ........................ 160

Bitter Ends .................................................... 160

Coiling Lines ................................................. 161

Flaking .......................................................... 161

OWNWIND .......................................... 88

Extra Distance vs. Speed ................................. 88

Wind and Wave Factors .................................. 88

J IBING THE M AIN ............................................. 89

Reducing Jibing Loads .................................... 89

S PINNAKERS .................................................... 91

When to Use a Spinnaker ................................ 91

Setting the Spinnaker ...................................... 92

Spinnaker Trim ............................................... 93

Asymmetric Chutes ......................................... 96

Twin-Pole Jibing ............................................. 99

Single-Pole Jibe ............................................... 99

Hourglasses ................................................... 100

Headstay Wraps ............................................ 100

Spinnaker Takedown ..................................... 101

Emergency Release ....................................... 101

H ANDLING THE S PINNAKER P OLE ................. 102

Mast-Mounted Systems ................................. 102

Setting the Pole ............................................. 103

Dropping the Pole ......................................... 104

S AILING BY THE L EE ..................................... 105

P REVENTERS .................................................. 106

S URFING ........................................................ 108

Wave Mechanics ........................................... 109

Surfing and Hull Shape ................................. 109

Steering Control ............................................ 109

The Role of Displacement ............................. 109

Sail Area ........................................................ 111

Helming in Higher Performance Boats ......... 112

Helming Technique in Heavy Boats .............. 113

W HEN I T I S T IME TO R EEF ............................ 114

Reefing the Main ........................................... 114

Sail Slides or Bolt Rope? ............................... 116

Watch that Boom ........................................... 116

Sail Ties ......................................................... 116

Roller Reefing Jibs ........................................ 116

F ULLY B ATTENED M AINS ............................. 118

Hardware Considerations .............................. 118

Hoisting ......................................................... 118

Sailing with a Fully Battened Mainsail .......... 118

Dropping the Main ........................................ 119

B EING C OMFORTABLE AT S EA ...................... 120

Do Not Overpower ........................................ 120

Going to Windward ....................................... 121

Pinching Up ................................................... 122

Downwind Comfort ...................................... 122

Picking the Best Speed .................................. 122

Reducing Yaw Downwind ............................ 122

In a Leftover Sea ........................................... 123

Oversheeting to Reduce Rolling .................... 123

Picking a Comfortable Course ...................... 124

Light and Sloppy ........................................... 125

M OTORSAILING ............................................. 126

Range under Power ....................................... 126

Downwind Motorsailing ............................... 127

Upwind Motorsailing in Light Airs ............... 127

Upwind Motorsailing in Heavy Conditions ... 128

Special Considerations .................................. 128

IBING

Dashew - Practical Seamanship.pdf

Plik z chomika:

Inne pliki z tego folderu:

Inne foldery tego chomika: