Encyklopedia wybrzeży morskich.pdf

Encyclopedia of the World‘s Coastal Landforms

Eric C. F. Bird

Editor

Encyclopedia of the

World‘s Coastal Landforms

Volume I

With 1379 Figures

123

Editor

Eric C.F. Bird, M.Sc. (Lond. and Melb.) Ph.D. (ANU)

Principal Fellow in Geomorphology

University of Melbourne

and

Director, Geostudies

343 Beach Road

Black Rock, Victoria 3193

Australia

ecfb@unimelb.edu.au

ISBN 978-1-4020-8638-0

This publication is available also as:

Electronic publication under ISBN 978-1-4020-8639-7

Print and electronic bundle under ISBN 978-1-4020-8640-3

DOI 10.1007/978-1-4020-8640-3

Springer Dordrecht Heidelberg London New York

Library of Congress Control Number: 2009938922

Every eﬀ ort has been made to contact the copyright holders of the ﬁ gures and tables which have been reproduced from other sources.

Anyone who has not been properly credited is requested to contact the publishers, so that due acknowledgment may be made in subse-

quent editions.

No part of this work may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical,

photocopying, microﬁ lming, recording or otherwise, without written permission from the Publisher, with the exception of any material

supplied speciﬁ cally for the purpose of being entered and executed on a computer system, for exclusive use by the purchaser of the

work.

Printed on acid-free paper

Springer is part of Springer Science+Business Media (www.springer.com)

Preface

Encyclopedia of the World’s Coastal Landforms is an account of the various kinds of coastal morphology found on the

world’s coastlines. It is presented in 224 chapters, based on national, state, or county divisions, and arranged in a sequence

that proceeds counterclockwise around the continents. e sequence begins with Alaska, proceeds around North

America to Arctic Canada, then Greenland and nally, Iceland. Another counterclockwise sequence begins with Norway

and proceeds by way of Europe and the Mediterranean around Africa to India, Southeast Asia, China, Korea, and the

Paci c and Arctic coasts of Russia. Interruptions are made at appropriate points to include the Great Lakes, the Caspian

Sea, and islands such as Britain, Madagascar, and Japan. e sequence is completed with the Philippines, Indonesia,

Papua New Guinea, Australia, New Zealand, the islands of the Paci c, Atlantic, and Indian Oceans, and nally

Antarctica.

is work was preceded by e World’s Coastline, edited by Eric C. F. Bird and Maurice L. Schwartz and published

by Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York, in 1985. An internet version was published by Kluwer Academic Publishers

in 2004.

is 2010 edition has also been produced with the aid of 123 contributors. It includes 1,379 illustrations and cites

numerous references. e focus is on coastal geomorphology, with accounts of features seen along the coastline, illustrat-

ing sites of special scienti c interest. It provides access to the large amount of data that has been assembled, to ensure

that it will not just disappear over the next few years. It is now much more di cult for scientists to make broad coastal

surveys as they are required to specialise more, which usually means they work on small selected coastal sites. is book

will allow the scientists to place their work in a global context and make comparisons with similar coasts in other parts

of the world.

Coastal geomorphology has several interest groups. Some focus on the shaping of coastal landforms in relation to

geology, processes, variations in climate, and the relative levels of land and sea. Others concentrate on coastline changes

measured over speci ed periods, with analyses of their causes. Others are interested in nearshore processes and responses,

particularly beaches, where morphodynamic models have been most successful. Others look to the coastal area for evi-

dence of Quaternary history, notably changes in land- and sea level and climatic variations. Others examine the sources

and patterns of movement of coastal sediment, or the array of physical-, chemical-, and biological weathering processes

in the coastal zone. Coastal managers want information on how landforms are changing, what processes are at work on

them, how they will change in the future, and what e ects will result from the development of various kinds. e chapters

presented in this version of Encyclopedia of the World’s Coastal Landforms re ect the interests of their authors, but an

attempt is made to serve the wide range of interests of coastal geomorphologists.

e work was designed initially for scientists needing to identify locations and distributions of coastal features and

to make comparisons between coastal landforms in various parts of the world. However, it will also be of value to people

seeking general information on coastal landforms in the various countries around the world, including those planning

travel and exploration of coastal regions. Armchair travellers can use it to make substantial journeys around the world’s

coasts, enjoying a succession of visual images. Indeed, it is unique in presenting the wide variations in scenery and envi-

ronment that occur on the world’s coastline.

I would like to thank Lew Ward for processing the edited material and illustrations. In assembling the work, I had

help from librarians in the University of Melbourne, notably David Jones, Map Curator in the Education Resource

Centre. In Black Rock I had assistance from Dr. Juliet Bird, and from Myriam, Audrey, Ingrid, and Céline Vinot.

Eric C. F. Bird

Geostudies, Melbourne, Australia

January 2010

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