Rzym_I_Barbarzyńcy_Guide.pdf

Rome and the Barbarians

Part I

Professor Kenneth W. Harl

T HE T EACHING C OMPANY ®

Kenneth W. Harl, Ph.D.

Professor of Classical and Byzantine History, Tulane University

Kenneth W. Harl, Professor of Classical and Byzantine History, joined the faculty of Tulane University after he

completed his Ph.D. in history at Yale University in 1978. Professor Harl teaches courses on Greek, Roman,

Byzantine, and Crusader history from the freshman to graduate levels. He has won numerous teaching awards at his

home university, including the coveted Sheldon H. Hackney Award (twice voted by faculty and students), as well as

the Robert Foster Cherry Award for Great Teachers from Baylor University. Professor Harl, a recognized scholar on

coins and classical Anatolia, takes Tulane students on excursions to Turkey or as assistants on excavations of

Hellenistic and Roman sites in Turkey. He is currently working on publishing coins from the excavations of

Metropolis and Gordion.

Table of Contents

Rome and the Barbarians

Part I

Professor Biography ............................................................................................i

Course Scope .......................................................................................................1

Lecture One Greek and Roman Views of Barbarians ....................2

Lecture Two The Roman Republic .................................................5

Lecture Three Roman Society...........................................................8

Lecture Four The Roman Way of War..........................................11

Lecture Five Celtic Europe and the Mediterranean World ...........14

Lecture Six The Conquest of Cisalpine Gaul..............................17

Lecture Seven Romans and Carthaginians in Spain ........................20

Lecture Eight The Roman Conquest of Spain ................................23

Lecture Nine The Genesis of Roman Spain ..................................26

Lecture Ten Jugurtha and the Nomadic Threat............................29

Lecture Eleven Marius and the Northern Barbarians........................32

Lecture Twelve Rome’s Rivals in the East........................................35

Maps ..................................................................................................................38

Timeline .............................................................................................................41

Rome and the Barbarians

Scope:

The history of the Romans and the barbarians on their frontiers has, in large part, been written as one of warfare and

conquest. Driven by memories of a Gallic menace, Rome’s legions advanced the frontiers of Classical civilizations

far north and east of the Mediterranean core by the first century A.D. Yet the Roman conquerors and native peoples

intermarried, and exchanged ideas, mores, and objects. The ensuing provincial Roman cultures became the basis of

Western European civilization.

The first third of this course deals with the Roman mastery of the Celtic peoples, first in northern Italy, and then in

Gaul and Central Europe. Simultaneously, the Roman Republic conquered Spain. Roman exploitation of resources

in the peninsula transformed Iberian society into the first successful provincial society. But wars against new

barbarian foes in North Africa, Gaul, and Asia Minor proved a costly victory that undermined the Roman Republic.

The second third of the course deals with the barbarian peoples encountered by imperial Rome of the first and

second centuries A.D. They comprised Germanic peoples of the forests, Iranian nomads of eastern Europe, and

the Arsacid kings of Parthia. The emperor Augustus (27 B.C.-14 A.D.) consolidated the Western provinces, forged

a professional army, and established frontiers along the Rhine, Danube, and Euphrates. He thus set the precepts of

Roman frontier defense and diplomacy for the next two centuries.

The final third deals with commerce and cultural exchange between imperial Rome and the frontier peoples. The

cultural exchange created a unique Roman frontier society as well as transformed the societies of the peoples

beyond the imperial frontiers. Hence, the Germans, depicted as dreaded foes in Classical sources, are revealed by

archaeology as settlers, merchants, and soldiers. The northern frontiers became a great mixing bowl of peoples and

cultures. The ensuing martial society that emerged by 300 A.D. on both sides of the imperial frontier engendered

both the defenders and foes of the late Roman world. The course concludes with the frontier wars and migrations of

the third through sixth centuries that transformed the Classical into the Medieval world.

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