Computer Science Handbook, 2nd Ed - (Malestrom).pdf - 9_Misc - musli_com

SECOND EDITION

COMPUTER

SCIENCE

H A NDBOOK

EDITOR-IN-CHIEF

ALLEN B. TUCKER

CHAPMAN & HALL/CRC

Published in Cooperation with ACM, The Association for Computing Machinery

Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data

Computer science handbook / editor-in-chief, Allen B. Tucker—2nd ed.

p. cm.

Includes bibliographical references and index.

ISBN 1-58488-360-X (alk. paper)

1.Computer science-Handbooks, manuals, etc. 2. Engineering—Hanbooks, manuals, etc.

I. Tucker, Allen B.

QA76.C54755 2004

004—dc22

2003068758

This book contains information obtained from authentic and highly regarded sources. Reprinted material is quoted with

permission, and sources are indicated. A wide variety of references are listed. Reasonable efforts have been made to publish

reliable data and information, but the author and the publisher cannot assume responsibility for the validity of all materials

or for the consequences of their use.

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Library of Congress Card Number 2003068758

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Preface to the Second

Edition

Purpose

The purpose of The Computer Science Handbook is to provide a single comprehensive reference for com-

puter scientists, software engineers, and IT professionals who wish to broaden or deepen their understand-

ing in a particular subﬁeld of computer science. Our goal is to provide the most current information in

each of the following eleven subﬁelds in a form that is accessible to students, faculty, and professionals in

computer science:

algorithms, architecture, computational science, graphics, human-computer interaction, infor-

mation management, intelligent systems, net-centric computing, operating systems, program-

ming languages, and software engineering

Each of the eleven sections of the Handbook is dedicated to one of these subﬁelds. In addition, the

appendices provide useful information about professional organizations in computer science, standards,

and languages. Different points of access to this rich collection of theory and practice are provided through

the table of contents, two introductory chapters, a comprehensive subject index, and additional indexes.

A more complete overview of this Handbook can be found in Chapter 1 , which summarizes the contents

of each of the eleven sections. This chapter also provides a history of the evolution of computer science

during the last 50 years, as well as its current status, and future prospects.

New Features

Since the ﬁrst edition of the Handbook was published in 1997, enormous changes have taken place in the

discipline of computer science. The goals of the second edition of the Handbook are to incorporate these

changes by:

1. Broadening its reach across all 11 subject areas of the discipline, as they are deﬁned in Computing

Curricula 2001 (the new standard taxonomy)

2. Including a heavier proportion of applied computing subject matter

3. Bringing up to date all the topical discussions that appeared in the ﬁrst edition

This new edition was developed by the editor-in-chief and three editorial advisors, whereas the ﬁrst

edition was developed by the editor and ten advisors. Each edition represents the work of over 150

contributing authors who are recognized as experts in their various subﬁelds of computer science.

Readers who are familiar with the ﬁrst edition will notice the addition of many new chapters, reﬂect-

ing the rapid emergence of new areas of research and applications since the ﬁrst edition was published.

Especially exciting are the addition of new chapters in the areas of computational science, information

management, intelligent systems, net-centric computing, and software engineering. These chapters explore

topics like cryptography, computational chemistry, computational astrophysics, human-centered software

development, cognitive modeling, transaction processing, data compression, scripting languages, multi-

media databases, event-driven programming, and software architecture.

Acknowledgments

A work of this magnitude cannot be completed without the efforts of many individuals. During the 2-year

process that led to the ﬁrst edition, I had the pleasure of knowing and working with ten very distinguished,

talented, and dedicated editorial advisors:

Harold Abelson (MIT), Mikhail Atallah (Purdue), Keith Barker (Uconn), Kim Bruce (Williams),

John Carroll (VPI), Steve Demurjian (Uconn), Donald House (Texas A&M), Raghu

Ramakrishnan (Wisconsin), Eugene Spafford (Purdue), Joe Thompson (Mississippi State), and

Peter Wegner (Brown).

For this edition, a new team of trusted and talented editorial advisors helped to reshape and revitalize

the Handbook in valuable ways:

Robert Cupper (Allegheny), Fadi Deek (NJIT), Robert Noonan (William and Mary)

All of these persons provided valuable insights into the substantial design, authoring, reviewing, and

production processes throughout the ﬁrst eight years of this Handbook’ s life, and I appreciate their work

very much.

Of course, it is the chapter authors who have shared in these pages their enormous expertise across the

wide range of subjects in computer science. Their hard work in preparing and updating their chapters is

evident in the very high quality of the ﬁnal product. The names of all chapter authors and their current

professional afﬁliations are listed in the contributor list.

I want also to thank Bowdoin College for providing institutional support for this work. Personal thanks

go especially to Craig McEwen, Sue Theberge, Matthew Jacobson-Carroll, Alice Morrow, and Aaron

Olmstead at Bowdoin, for their various kinds of support as this project has evolved over the last eight

years. Bob Stern, Helena Redshaw, Joette Lynch, and Robert Sims at CRC Press also deserve thanks for

their vision, perseverance and support throughout this period.

Finally, the greatest thanks is always reserved for my wife Meg – my best friend and my love – for her

eternal inﬂuence on my life and work.

Allen B. Tucker

Brunswick, Maine

Editor-in-Chief

Allen B. Tucker is the Anne T. and Robert M. Bass Professor of Natural

Sciences in the Department of Computer Science at Bowdoin College,

where he has taught since 1988. Prior to that, he held similar positions

at Colgate and Georgetown Universities. Overall, he has served eighteen

years as a department chair and two years as an associate dean. At Colgate,

he held the John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur Chair in Computer

Science.

Professor Tucker earned a B.A. in mathematics from Wesleyan Uni-

versity in 1963 and an M.S. and Ph.D. in computer science from North-

western University in 1970. He is the author or coauthor of several

books and articles in the areas of programming languages, natural lan-

guage processing, and computer science education. He has given many

talks, panel discussions, and workshop presentations in these areas, and

has served as a reviewer for various journals, NSF programs, and curriculum projects. He has also served

as a consultant to colleges, universities, and other institutions in the areas of computer science curriculum,

software design, programming languages, and natural language processing applications.

A Fellow of the ACM, Professor Tucker co-authored the 1986 Liberal Arts Model Curriculum in Com-

puter Science and co-chaired the ACM/IEEE-CS Joint Curriculum Task Force that developed Computing

Curricula 1991. For these and other related efforts, he received the ACM’s 1991 Outstanding Contribution

Award, shared the IEEE’s 1991 Meritorious Service Award, and received the ACM SIGCSE’s 2001 Award for

Outstanding Contributions to Computer Science Education. In Spring 2001, he was a Fulbright Lecturer

at the Ternopil Academy of National Economy (TANE) in Ukraine. Professor Tucker has been a member

of the ACM, the NSF CISE Advisory Committee, the IEEE Computer Society, Computer Professionals for

Social Responsibility, and the Liberal Arts Computer Science (LACS) Consortium.

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