PICmicro MCU C_ An Introduction to Programming the Microchip PIC in CCS C [Gardner 2002-08-19].pdf

PICmicro MCU C ®

An introduction to programming

The Microchip PIC in CCS C

By Nigel Gardner

The information contained in this publication regarding device application

and the like is intended by way of suggestion only and may be superseded by

updates. No representation or warranty is given and no liability is assumed by

Bluebird Electronics, Microchip Technology Inc., or CCS Inc., with respect to

the accuracy or use of such information, or infringement of patents arising from

such use or their compliance to EMC standards or otherwise. Use of Bluebird

Electronics, Microchip Technology Inc. or CCS Inc. products as critical

components in life support systems is not authorized except with express

written approval by above mentioned companies. No licenses are conveyed,

implicitly or otherwise, under intellectual property rights.

under the copyright Act of 1976 US Code 102 101-122, no part of this

publication may be reproduced or distributed in any form or by any means, or

stored in a database or retrieval system, without the prior written permission of

Bluebird Electronics, with the exception of the program listings which may be

entered, stored, and executed in a computer system, but may not be

reproduced for publication.

PIC® and PICmicro, is registered trademark of Microchip Technologies Inc. in

the USA and other countries.

Printed and bound in the USA.

Cover Art by Loni Zarling.

Circuit diagrams produced with Labcentre Isis Illustrator. Flowcharts produced

with Corel Flow.

Preface

Thanks go to Rodger Richey of Microchip Technology Inc. for the use of this

notes on C for the PICmicro®MCU, Mark at CCS, Inc. and Val Bellamy for

proofreading this book.

This book is dedicated to my wise June and daughter Emma.

Contents

Introduction

History

Why use C?

PC based versus PICmicro®MCU Based Program Development

Product Development

Terminology

Trying and Testing Code

C Coding Standards

Basics

1 C Fundamentals

Structure of C Programs

Components of a C Program

#pragma

main()

#include

printf Function

Variables

Constants

Comments

Functions

C Keywords

2 Variables

Data Types

Variable Declaration

Variable Assignment

Enumeration

typedef

Type Conversions

3 Functions

Functions

Function Prototypes

Using Function Arguments

Using Function to Return Values

Classic and Modern Function Declarations

4 Operators

Arithmetic

Relational

Logical

Bitwise

Increment and Decrement

Precedence of

5 Program Control Statements

If-else

for Loop

while Loop

do-while Loop

Nesting Program Control Statements

Break

Continue

Null

Return

6 Arrays / Strings

One Dimensional Arrays

Strings

Multidimensional Arrays

Initializing Arrays

Arrays of Strings

7 Pointers

Pointer Basics

Pointers and Arrays

Passing Pointer to Functions

8 Structures / Unions

Structure Basics

Pointers to Structures

Nested Structures

Union Basics

Pointers to Unions

9 PICmicro®MCU Specific C

Inputs and Outputs

Mixing C and Assembler

Advanced BIT Manipulation

Timers

A/D Conversion

Data Communications

I 2 C Communications

SPI Communications

PWM

LCD Driving

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