Gertie Englund. Middle Egyptian An Introduction.pdf
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MIDDLE EGYPTIAN
AN INTRODUCTION
Gertie Englund
Second edition
UPPSALA 1995
@Gertie Englund 1995
Middle Egyptian -
An
Introduction
Second Edition
Distributed by
Uppsala University
Department ofEgyptology
S-753 10 Uppsa/a
Tryckeri Balder AB
Stockholm 1995
ISBN 91-506-1114-3
TABLE OF CONTENTS
PREFACE
INTRODUCTION
1.
THE ALPHABET AND INTRODUCTORY REMARKS ABOUT NOUNS .........
I
A . Ideograms ...... ................ ..................... ...... ..... ..... ....... ....... .... .... ...
2
B. Determinatives .. .. ..... ... ....... .. .... ............ .... .... .. ..... .. .. ... ....... .. .... ....
2
C . Feminine forms..... .... ................. .... .. ..... ... ... ...... .... .... .. .... .... ... ... ..
2
2.
SYLLABIC SIGNS AND MORE ABOUT NOUNS •••••••••••••••••••·•·•••••••••••••••• ..•
3
A. Syllabic signs.......... .... .. .. ............. ... ...................... .................. ....
3
B. Gender and number ............. .............. .... .... ...... .. ..... .. ... ................
3
5
C. Genitive ... .................. ..... ....... .................. .... ..... ... ..... ............ ..... ..
5
1. The direct genitive ..... ................ ... ... ........ ... .. .... .... .. ..... ... ... .... .
2. The indirect genitive ...................... ............ .................. .... .... ...
6
3.
PERSONAL SUFFIXES OR SUFFIX-PRONOUNS .......................................
6
*
The pronoun
tw
................................................ ..................
8
4.
NOMINAL SENTENCES..........................................................................
8
A. Noun
+
Noun .. .... .. .. ..... ........ ... .. .. ... ... ... .... ... ...... .... ............... .... .
9
B. Independent pronoun
+
Noun.................... ... .. ... .............. ..........
9
C.
Independent pronoun
+
Independent pronoun ... .. .... .. .. ... .. .... ....
9
*
Independent pronouns
... .. ... .... ...... ... ... .. ....... ... ....... ... ........ ..
9
5.
NOMINAL SENTENCES (cont.) •••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• •••••••••••••••••••••••••••...
10
Sentences with
pw
1. Noun
+
pw
................................................................... ..... ..........
10
2. Noun
+
pw
+
Noun ..... ........ .... ...... .. ... .... .............. .... .. .. ... ..........
11
*
Demonstrative pronoun.<;
............... ... ... ...... ... .. .......... ..........
12
6.
PREPOSITIONS
···································•••••••••• ••··························•••••••••••••·
t
4
Adverbial phrases ......... ......... .... ... ... .................. ..... ... ... ...... .... ... .. .. ...
15
7.
ADVERBIAL SENTENCES ························•••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••
16
Patterns with and without
iw
1. With preposition
+
noun or suffix ...... ......... ...... .. ............ ..........
16
2. With preposition
+
infinitive ..... .......... ... ................... ...... ......... ..
17
*
The adjective nb
.................................................................
18
II
*
Numerals
.. ............................. .... ...... ... ... ...... ... ... .. .... ..... .......
19
I.
Cardinal numbers
...... .... ...... .......... ... .... ... ... .............. .. .. ..
19
2.
Ordinal numbers
............................................................
20
3.
Fractions
.... ............................ .......... .. ... ... .... ..... .............
21
8.
ADVERBIAL SENTENCES
•••••••••••••••••••••••••••••························•••••••••••••••••••
21
Patterns with non-enclitic particles
*
Non-enclitic particles ......... .. ............... ................................
22
*
Dependent pronouns
... ..... .. ..... .. ............. ........... ....... ... ... .....
23
*
Self...... ....... .... ....... ......... .. ............. .. ... .. ... ............ ..... ... ... .... ..
23
9.
ADVERBIAL SENTENCES
••••••·················•••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••
24
Patterns with the stative
*
The stative
........... .. ... .......... ... ... ... .......... ..... ... ..... ... ....... .. .....
25
•
Enclitic particles
...... ...........................................................
26
10.
ADJECTIVES AND ADJECTIVAL SENTENCES ··········•••••••••••••••••••••••••...•·
27
I. Dependent Adjectives .... .. ...... ..... ... ........ .. ... ..... ... ... .. ..... .... ....... .. .. .
27
A. Ordinary adjectives ............. ... ... ... ... ...... .... ... ..... ............. .........
27
B. Nisbe-adjectives ......................................................................
29
2. Independent adjectives .... ..... .. .. .. ..... ..... ... ......................................
31
11.
VERBS ••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• ;......
32
Classification
12.
VERBS..................................................................................................
33
Moods, Tenses, and Aspects
•
The sgfnjform
...... .. .. ... ..... ..... ... ....................... .. ...................
33
13.
THE IMPERATIVE................................................................................
34
14.
INDICATIVE FORMS IN MAIN SENTENCES ••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••..••..
36
A. The Present tense ............ ..... ...... .... .. .................. ... .... .... .. ............. .
36
B. The Past tense.................. ... ..... ....................................... .. ...... ......
37
C. The Future tense ......... ............ .......... .... .. .............. ..... ... ........... .. ...
38
15.
THE PROSPECTIVE ··············••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••·············••••••••• •••
38
16.
THAT-FORMS .......................................................................................
40
A. In non-initial position ........... ..... .. .. ....... .......................................
41
B. In initial position ....... ... .. ... ...... .. .. .................................................
41
17.
OTHER STRUCTURES USED IN MAIN SENTENCES................................
43
A. I.
rbr.n
..... .......... ... ...... .. .......... ..... .... ................. ......... .. ................
43
2.
wnnf. .... ...... .. ... .... .. ........ ......... ... .. ........ .. ........ .... ..... .. .. ..... ........
44
3.
wn.in
.... .... .. .... ....... .. .. ... ..... ... ..... .. ............. ............ ....... .. .. .... .... .
44
4.
wn.br
.. .......... .. .. ....... .. .... ..................... ........ ..... .. ... ..... .. ... .... .....
45
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