Przewodnik do budowy domów ze słomy - strawbaleguide.pdf - Budownitwo Naturalne(1) - bibiariel

INFORMATION GUIDE

TO STRAW BALE BUILDING

FOR SELF-BUILDERS AND THE CONSTRUCTION INDUSTRY

Amazon Nails, Hollinroyd Farm,

Todmorden, OL14 8RJ.

Tel/Fax: 0044 (0)845 458 2173

barbara@strawbalefutures.org.uk

www.strawbalefutures.org.uk

CONTENTS

section 1

INTRODUCTION...........1 ~ 4

DIFFRENT METHODS......................5 ~ 11

BALE SPECIFICATIONS.........12 ~ 15

BALE PLANS......16 ~ 18

FOUNDATIONS.........................................19 ~ 26

WALL RAISING..................27 ~ 33

WINDOWS AND DOORS..........34 ~ 36

PLASTERING.......................37 ~ 44

PLANNING PERMISSION.......................45 ~ 46

BUILDING REGULATIONS...............47 ~ 52

FREQUENTLY ASKED QUESTIONS...............53 ~ 55

REFERENCES AND FURTHER READING.......56 ~ 60

FIFTEEN CONSTRUCTION DRAWINGS

roof..........31

bales..........12

wall/roof plates.........30

plastering...........36

electrics.........32

windows & doors..........33

wall raising..........27

foundations..........19

plans..........13

This document has been written with funding from the DETR

under the FAST Track: Innovation in Construction Scheme .

All illustrations & diagrams are by Juliet Breese of Deaftdesign

deaftdesign@zen.co.uk fax: 00 44 1706 812190

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INTRODUCTION

Straw bale building is a smart way to build. It’s more than

just a wall building technique that has yet to come into its own.

It’s a radically different approach to the process of building

itself. Like all innovative ideas, it has been pioneered by the

passionate, and used experimentally by those with the vision to

see its potential. Its background is grassroots self-build; it is

firmly based in that sustainable, ‘green building’ culture that has

brought to the construction industry many new and useful

ideas about energy efficiency and responsibility towards the

environment.

It is now at a pivotal point in its development, ready to be

taken on by construction firms who see its value in terms of

cost-effectiveness, sustainability, ease of installation and energy

efficiency. As you will see from this document, the building

method itself is based on a block system, making the designs

very easy to adapt from one project to another, and giving great

flexibility in its use.

The accessible nature of straw means that people unfamiliar

with the building process can now participate in it.This opens

the door for interest groups to work together on joint

projects. Housing Associations and Local Authorities etc., are

ideal managers for self-build straw projects that won’t take

years to complete, and which will engender an excitement and

motivation that gets the job done.The atmosphere on a straw-

bale building site is qualitatively different to that found on the

vast majority of other sites. It is woman-friendly, joyful, opti-

mistic and highly motivated. Knowledge and skills are freely

shared, and co-operation and teamwork predominate, all of

which has a positive effect on health and safety on site.

Working with straw is unlike working with any other material.

It is simple, flexible, imprecise and organic. It will challenge

your preconceptions about the nature of building and the

correct way of doing things; not everyone will be able to meet

this challenge. Its simplicity can be disarming, or alarming. If you

need complexity for security, then this may not be for you.

Don’t be put off by nursery tales about the big bad wolf – we

should be wise enough to realise that the wolf probably worked

for the cement manufacturers! And don’t pay too much atten-

tion to colloquial tales about ‘hippie’ houses – read on, and

make your own mind up.

page 1 introduction

Straw as a building material excels in the areas of

cost-effectiveness and energy efficiency. If used to replace the

more traditional wall-building system of brick and block, it can

present savings of around £10,000 on a normal 3 bedroomed

house. Of interest to the home owner is the huge reduction in

heating costs once the house is occupied, due to the super

insulation of the walls. Here the potential savings are up to 75%

compared to a conventional modern house. Building

regulations are changing next year (2002), bringing the allowable

U-value of domestic external walls down to either 0.35 or 0.25

(the European Union would like to see 0.25) which is

challenging the whole industry to meet these requirements. A

typical bale of straw has a U-value of 0.13 – significantly better

thermal performance than will be required.

For more information on

the U-value of straw, see

Reference Section, page 59

This Guide is aimed at self-builders as well as the construction

industry. It is meant to give clear and straightforward

information about how to build houses with bales of

straw. Since this is a simple and accessible wall building

technique available to almost anyone, it is ideal for self-builders

as well as mainstream builders at the forefront of sustainable

house building. The language and descriptions are necessarily

basic to ensure full understanding by everyone, particularly of

first principles, and how and why we build with straw.

Throughout this information guide, we will be attempting to

encourage you towards the best possible ways of doing things

as far as current knowledge allows. It’s always good to bear in

mind though, that you are involved in a building process that is

still developing - one which is simple, straightforward and based

on common sense.

One of the biggest attributes of strawbale building is its

capacity for creative fun, and its ability to allow you to design

and build the sort of shape and space you’d really like. It lends

itself very well to curved and circular shapes, and can provide

deep window seats, alcoves and niches due to the thickness of

the bales. It’s also a very forgiving material, can be knocked

back into shape fairly easily during wall-raising, doesn’t require

absolute precision, and can make rounded as well as angular

corners. Partly due to its great insulation value and partly

because of its organic nature, the inside of a strawbale house

feels very different to a brick or stone one, having a cosy, warm

quality to it and a pleasing look to the eye.

The beauty of straw is

that it combines very high

insulation properties with

great load-bearing poten-

tial: a material that is

building block and

insulation all in one.

page 2 introduction

• splash back - rain bouncing up from the ground onto the base

of the walls

• rain causing high humidity in the surrounding air for long

periods of time,

• wind driven rain.

Most of the differences in technique in this climate are to do

with foundation design and the type of render used as a

weatherproof coating.We have been able to draw on the rich

knowledge of the past, using ideas which have been tried and

tested over centuries. In many respects, the requirements of

strawbale buildings are essentially the same as traditional cob

(earth) buildings. They have high plinth walls, self-draining

foundations, and large overhangs to the roof, “a good hat and a

good pair of boots” as cob builders used to say. They are also

constructed of breathable materials and must not be

waterproofed (although they must be weatherproofed).There

are currently over 100,000 cob houses of 200-500 years old

still inhabited in the UK.

Building with

bales can be

inspiring and

transformative,

and working

together with a

group of people

to build your own

home can be one

of the most

empowering

experiences of

your life.

Straw is a flexible material and requires us to work with it

somewhat differently than if it was rigid. Accurate measure-

ment and precision is impossible and unnecessary with straw,

but working without these aids can be worrying to the novice,

and threatening if you’re already used to 20th century building

techniques. It is very important to make this clear at the outset.

You have to develop a feel for the straw. You have to give it

time, absorb its flexibility. Yet it is possible to be macho about it

- to hurl bales around single-handedly and force them tightly

into spaces, but this always has adverse consequences. Rushing

the process, and working alone or competitively can mean that

an adjoining section of wall is distorted and pushed out of

shape – a section that someone else has spent time and care in

getting right. It’s as much a personal learning process as it is

learning a new building technique. More than any other

material (except perhaps cob and clay) it is susceptible to your

own spirit and that of the team. Strawbale building is not

something to do alone. It requires co-operation, skill-sharing

and common sense. Many of the inspirational and artistic

features occur in this atmosphere. It is empowering, expanding

the world of opportunities for you and making possible what

you thought to be impossible!

page 3 introduction

Different styles and opinions have grown up around the world

as bale building has spread.What was suitable in one climate

has not proved to be best practice in others, and availability and

cost of materials varies from country to country. However,

there have been wonderfully imaginative adaptations to

conditions.The main concerns in Ireland and the UK have been

to do with:

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